CAREER: Novel Designs for Kidney Exchange and Other Markets, in the Intersection of Operations Research, Economics and Computer Science

该学院早期职业发展(CALEAR)计划奖的目标是为肾脏交换和其他匹配市场设计、研究和实施算法和匹配机制。在过去的十年里，市场设计领域发展迅速，吸引了经济学家、运筹学研究人员和计算机科学家。肾交易清算所的出现是这一领域的成功之一。当希望将肾脏捐赠给特定接受者的人与该接受者不相容时，就会出现换肾的需求。两个或更多不相容的配对可以参与允许患者接受移植的交换。肾脏交换清算所的发展推动了基于经验证据的新理论，导致对现有机制的冲击。然而，增长仍然缓慢，留下的问题比答案多得多。将研究肾脏交换的长期效率，重点是开发和分析由数据驱动的动态机制。由于许多交流在实践中未能进行(由于医院？为了减少故障以及开发在出现这种故障时将提高效率的机制，将对此进行调查。将研究肾脏交换的潜在增长，从合并交换网络(国内和国际)到放松目前的限制，如同时进行交换。最后，由于其他匹配市场的实际挑战，将调查尚未解决的问题。在美国，有超过92,000名患者在等待身体肾脏移植，但供移植的肾脏严重短缺；2011年，等待移植的患者增加了33,581人，进行了11,026例身体移植和5,154例活体捐赠者的移植，4,700名患者死亡，2,466人“病得太重无法移植”。因此，肾脏交换是活体捐赠的一个日益增长的来源。扩大肾脏交换将帮助许多人。

The objective of this Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program award is the design, study and implementation of algorithms and matching mechanisms for kidney exchange and other matching markets. In the last decade the field of market design has been growing rapidly, attracting economists, operations researchers and computer scientists. The emergence of kidney exchange clearinghouses is one of the successes of this field. The need for kidney exchange arises when someone who wishes to donate a kidney to a particular recipient is incompatible with that recipient. Two or more incompatible pairs can participate in an exchange allowing the patients to receive transplants. The growth of kidney exchange clearinghouses has driven novel theory based on empirical evidence, leading to impact on existing mechanisms. However, the growth is still slow leaving many more questions than answers. Long term efficiency in kidney exchange will be studied with emphasis on developing and analyzing dynamic mechanisms driven by data. As many exchanges fail to take place in practice (due to hospitals? preferences and medical issues), to reduce failures as well as developing mechanisms that will increase efficiency in the presence of such failures will be investigated. The potential growth of kidney exchange will be studied, from merging exchange networks (domestically and internationally) to relaxing current constraints such as conducting exchanges simultaneously. Finally, unresolved issues in driven by actual challenges in other matching markets will be investigated.There are over 92,000 patients on the waiting list for cadaver kidneys in the U.S and there is a severe shortage of kidneys for transplant; In 2011, 33,581 patients were added to the waiting list, 11,026 transplants from cadaver and 5,154 transplants from living donors were performed, 4,700 patients died and 2,466 were "Too Sick to Transplant". Kidney exchange is therefore a growing source for living donation. Expanding kidney exchange will help many people.