Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Ocean Laboratory: Exploration, Fieldwork, and Science at Sea

博士论文研究：海洋实验室：海上探索、实地考察和科学

• 批准号: 1256765
• 负责人: Bruce Hevly
• 金额: $ 1.3万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1256765&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Ocean; Laboratory

IntroductionThis doctoral dissertation improvement grant supports research in history of technology. The project focuses on the changing role of maritime technology as scientific instruments in oceanographic fieldwork between 1870 and 1930. The central theme of the work is the changing conception of the research vessel over this period, as it underwent a change from the ship as instrument, to the ship as laboratory, and finally, in its most recent incarnation, to the ship as invisible technician operating within an ocean transformed into credible scientific space. The plan is to develop a comparative study of marine expeditions and scientific correspondence of naturalists from the United States, France, and Britain. The grant supports archival research at various locations in these three countries.Intellectual MeritMost histories of the field sciences treat terrestrial topics, rather than marine ones. However, the abstract notion of ?the field? has been applied to marine environments. While the importance of laboratories as a space for scientific work has been well established by historians, and though there has been a growing body of recent scholarship on the history of field science, the link between ships, laboratories, and the development of oceanography as a field science has yet to be fully explored. Tracing this history will serve to set the history of oceanography within the larger history of science in the field and thereby offer to the history of science a contribution that bridges two subfields, the history of the development of laboratory and field sciences and the history of the exploration of the marine environment. Broader ImpactThis study will sheds light on the social and cultural processes involved in the emergence of global sciences framed in terms of large-scale systems, both physical and political. By tracing the development of oceans as scientific spaces, this work will demonstrate how the idea of a "Pacific World," with roots in nineteenth-century expeditionary science, contributed to the self-conscious geopolitical construction of this concept in the interwar period. Public proclamations about the Pacific World, along with the development of museum exhibits focused on marine science and interpreting the results of oceanographic expeditions, demonstrate the ways in which popular culture and politics interacted with the cultures of marine science.

IntroductionThis博士论文改进补助金支持技术史的研究。该项目的重点是1870年至1930年期间海洋技术作为海洋学实地工作中科学仪器的不断变化的作用。作品的中心主题是研究船在这一时期不断变化的概念，因为它经历了从作为仪器的船到作为实验室的船的变化，最后，在最近的化身中，船作为在海洋中工作的无形技术人员转变为可信的科学空间。该计划是对来自美国、法国和英国的博物学家的海洋探险和科学通信进行比较研究。该基金支持在这三个国家的不同地点进行档案研究。智力价值大多数田野科学史都涉及陆地主题，而不是海洋主题。然而，抽象的概念？场地？已经应用于海洋环境。虽然实验室作为科学工作空间的重要性已经被历史学家很好地建立起来，尽管最近有越来越多的关于野外科学史的学术研究，但船舶，实验室和海洋学作为一门野外科学的发展之间的联系尚未得到充分探索。追溯这段历史将有助于将海洋学的历史置于该领域更大的科学史中，从而为科学史提供一个连接两个子领域的贡献，即实验室和现场科学发展史和海洋环境探索史。更广泛的影响这项研究将揭示在全球科学的出现所涉及的社会和文化过程，在大规模系统，物理和政治方面的框架。通过追溯海洋作为科学空间的发展，这项工作将展示“太平洋世界”的想法，起源于19世纪的远征科学，有助于在两次世界大战期间这一概念的自我意识的地缘政治建设。关于太平洋世界的公开宣言，沿着以海洋科学为重点的博物馆展览的发展和对海洋考察结果的解释，展示了大众文化和政治与海洋科学文化互动的方式。