Collaborative Research: The Cariaco Basin Oceanographic Time Series Program

合作研究：卡里亚科盆地海洋学时间序列计划

• 批准号: 1259043
• 负责人: Frank Muller-Karger
• 金额: $ 145.85万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1259043&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Cariaco; Basin; Oceanographic

This award will provide three more years of support to three U.S. institutions -- University of South Florida, University of South Carolina at Columbia, and Stony Brook University -- for the CARIACO Basin Ocean Time-Series, located in the anoxic Cariaco Basin on the Venezuelan continental margin. In continuous operation since November, 1995, the scientific goal of CARIACO is to understand the relationships between hydrography, plankton community composition, primary production, microbial activity, terrigenous inputs, particle and other fluxes, and other processes of element cycling in the water column, and how their variation is preserved in seafloor sediments. The program strives to serve the ocean carbon and biogeochemistry (OCB) and the paleoclimate research communities by maintaining an observing facility in the Cariaco Basin that provides core observations and samples, and facilitates researcher access to a unique, world-renown tropical continental margin setting. A central tenet of CARIACO is that the data stream produced there aids in the interpretation of oceanic carbon fluxes and global climate variability. Understanding processes that affect sinking material is key to understanding the "biological carbon pump" and processes that transfer materials from the surface ocean and adjacent land to the bottom. Since the Cariaco Basin only exchanges surface waters with the adjacent Caribbean Sea above a shallow ( 140 m) sill, anoxia prevails below ~250 m. These conditions preserve an excellent varved sediment record that is used by the international community to study Holocene and late Pleistocene climate change. The OCB community recognizes that we are approaching a "state shift" in the global biosphere due to interactions between natural climate variability and human activities. Ocean time series like CARIACO play a critical role in documenting and evaluating the mechanisms whereby marine ecosystems respond to subtle changes in climate. Indeed, the research team has documented dramatic changes in the Cariaco Basin over the past 17 years that reflect transformations over larger space and time scales. They attribute many of these ecosystem and biogeochemical changes to a northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.Broader impacts: The CARIACO Ocean Time-Series owes its success to strong collaborations established with scientists in Venezuela, the US, and other countries. It contributes to development of a growing global observatory focused on measuring ecological processes and understanding impacts of large-scale changes in the Earth system. CARIACO is an IGBP-LOICZ program relevant to international carbon cycle and broader oceanographic research. By providing climate proxies that improve the accuracy of past climate assessments, CARIACO directly addresses the goals of the CLIVAR and PAGES initiatives of the World Climate Research Programme and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. The science also helps understand socio-economic impacts of ecosystem variability, such as the collapse of the sardine fishery and catastrophic weather events seen in the last decade in the region. CARIACO nurtures international scientific cooperation. Venezuelan funding for local scientists to participate in this joint effort is an important incentive to continue this program. CARIACO has had a significant impact on technology transfer and capacity building in Latin America, by providing regional scientists with opportunities to participate in a project that addresses issues of global relevance. CARIACO also exposes U.S. students and scientists to an international research community and to the cultures of the Caribbean and Latin America. The research team intends to continue proactive efforts to develop scientific and technical links between CARIACO, BATS, HOT, and various other OCB Program efforts.

这项赠款将为三个美国机构-南佛罗里达大学、位于哥伦比亚的南卡罗来纳州大学和斯托尼布鲁克大学-提供三年的支助，以编制位于委内瑞拉大陆边缘缺氧的卡里亚科盆地的卡里亚科盆地海洋时间系列。该中心自1995年11月以来一直在运作，其科学目标是了解水文地理、浮游生物群落组成、初级生产、微生物活动、陆源输入、颗粒和其他通量以及水柱中元素循环的其他过程之间的关系，以及它们的变化如何保存在海底沉积物中。 该计划致力于为海洋碳和海洋地球化学（OCB）和古气候研究社区提供服务，在Cariaco盆地维持一个观测设施，提供核心观测和样品，并促进研究人员访问一个独特的，世界知名的热带大陆边缘设置。加勒比区域合作中心的一个核心原则是，该中心产生的数据流有助于解释海洋碳通量和全球气候变异。了解影响下沉物质的过程是了解“生物碳泵”和将物质从海洋表面和邻近陆地转移到海底的过程的关键。由于Cariaco盆地仅在浅（140 m）岩床上方与邻近加勒比海交换表层沃茨，因此在~250 m以下普遍缺氧。这些条件保存了极好的纹状沉积物记录，国际社会利用这些记录研究全新世和晚更新世气候变化。OCB社区认识到，由于自然气候变化和人类活动之间的相互作用，我们正在接近全球生物圈的“状态转变”。像CARIACO这样的海洋时间序列在记录和评估海洋生态系统对气候微妙变化的反应机制方面发挥着关键作用。事实上，研究小组已经记录了过去17年来Cariaco盆地发生的巨大变化，这些变化反映了更大空间和时间尺度上的变化。 他们将这些生态系统和地球化学变化归因于热带辐合带的北移。更广泛的影响：CARIACO海洋时间序列的成功归功于与委内瑞拉、美国和其他国家科学家建立的强有力的合作。它有助于发展一个不断扩大的全球观测站，重点是测量生态过程和了解地球系统大规模变化的影响。CARIACO是一个与国际碳循环和更广泛的海洋学研究有关的IGBP-LOICZ计划。通过提供可提高以往气候评估准确性的气候代用指标，加勒比区域合作组织直接致力于实现世界气候研究方案和国际地圈生物圈方案的气候变化和气候变化评估和气候变化评估倡议的目标。科学还有助于了解生态系统变化的社会经济影响，例如沙丁鱼渔业的崩溃和该地区过去十年中发生的灾难性天气事件。加勒比科学合作促进国际科学合作。委内瑞拉资助当地科学家参与这一联合努力是继续这一方案的重要激励因素。加勒比科学合作组织通过为区域科学家提供参与解决全球相关问题的项目的机会，对拉丁美洲的技术转让和能力建设产生了重大影响。CARIACO还使美国学生和科学家接触到国际研究界以及加勒比和拉丁美洲的文化。研究小组打算继续积极努力，发展CARIACO，BATS，HOT和其他各种OCB计划工作之间的科学和技术联系。