I-Corps: ResolveAble: A Proposal to the National Science Foundation I-Corps Teams Program

I-Corps：ResolveAble：对国家科学基金会 I-Corps 团队计划的提案

• 批准号: 1262246
• 负责人: James Prescott
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-10-01 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1262246&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Corps; ResolveAble; Proposal; National; Science

This project explores the viability of automated bargaining software to more efficiently and effectively resolve disputes between courts and (potentially anonymous) individuals accused or convicted of minor offenses. The U.S. legal system grants judges the authority to resolve minor infractions such as unpaid parking tickets and failure to appear for low-level misdemeanors. There is the potential for this judicial discretion process to be improved and increase its benefit through technological advances. The current system requires offenders to either hire lawyers or appear in court to resolve certain legal issues. Frequently lawyers can be costly and court appearances may involve risk of sanctions including potential incarceration. Often many offenders choose not to appear which potentially limits many aspects of their lives. Technology that has the potential to 1)Enable judges to reach binding arrangements without the need for court appearances of legal representation and that 2)offer defendants the ability to negotiate anonymously with the government, can facilitate dispute resolution by reducing costs and potentially mitigating negative impacts of traditional surrender.Currently, tens of millions of people in the U.S. have outstanding, minor problems with courts, such as bench warrants and unpaid fines (exact numbers are unknown, but most states have backlogs in at least the hundreds of thousands). These large backlogs impose costs on state and local governments by forgoing significant revenue and consuming limited enforcement resources. By facilitating mutually beneficial deals between courts and affected individuals, the technology may improve these private and social problems. Additionally, the technology may have many v alternative applications: The technology can be modified to automate legal tasks that currently require the direct involvement of multiple, highly-compensated attorneys, such as plea bargaining. The technology may also have uses in non-legal fields, such as automating college admissions and financial aid decisions. Lastly, by learning more about the offender decision making process, the project may provide court personnel, judges and policy makers with useful insights into how to improve court efficiency and offender compliance rates.

该项目探讨了自动谈判软件的可行性，以更有效地解决法院和（可能是匿名的）被指控或被判犯有轻微罪行的个人之间的纠纷。美国的法律的体系赠款法官解决轻微违法行为的权力，如未付停车罚单和未出现轻微轻罪。通过技术进步，这一司法裁量程序有可能得到改进并增加其效益。现行制度要求罪犯聘请律师或出庭解决某些法律的问题。律师费用往往很高，出庭可能涉及制裁的风险，包括可能被监禁。许多罪犯往往选择不出庭，这可能会限制他们生活的许多方面。技术有可能1）使法官能够达成具有约束力的安排，而不需要出庭的法律的代表，2）提供被告与政府匿名谈判的能力，可以通过降低成本和潜在地减轻传统投降的负面影响来促进纠纷解决。目前，美国有数千万人与法院有突出的小问题，例如法院逮捕令和未付罚款（确切数字不详，但大多数州至少有数十万的积压）。这些大量的积压案件使州和地方政府付出了代价，因为它们放弃了大量的收入，消耗了有限的执法资源。通过促进法院和受影响的个人之间的互利交易，该技术可以改善这些私人和社会问题。此外，该技术可能有许多替代应用：该技术可以修改为自动化法律的任务，目前需要多个，高报酬的律师，如辩诉交易的直接参与。该技术也可以用于非法律领域，例如自动化大学录取和财政援助决策。最后，通过更多地了解罪犯的决策过程，该项目可以为法院工作人员、法官和政策制定者提供关于如何提高法院效率和罪犯遵守率的有用见解。