Collaborative Research: Graptolite Biogeography, Paleo-GIS, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Early Paleozoic Zooplankton

合作研究：笔石生物地理学、古地理信息系统和早古生代动物群落的演化动力学丹尼尔·戈德曼，代顿大学，邮编：10958372查尔斯·米切尔，纽约州立大学，布法罗，邮编：10958308 H。大卫表，卡尼修斯学院，CN-0957672摘要气候和海洋变化的深时间的观点是理解环境过程的长期控制的关键。对于导致极端气候事件的“临界点”来说尤其如此，这些事件往往与生物多样性的深刻变化有关。南极生物的时空分布对中新生代气候和海洋条件的重建具有重要意义。最古老的地质时期是奥陶纪，有丰富多样的浮游动物记录，这一记录是由笔石提供的。PI的目标是使用新开发的全球数据库，生态建模和古GIS技术分析从中奥陶世到下志留世笔石的地理分布模式的变化。笔石空间分布模式应有助于了解古代海洋结构、气候和浮游动物生物地理学之间的关系。最近在晚奥陶世-早志留世的冰川-间冰期旋回和晚新生代的冰川-间冰期旋回之间有很强的相似性。因此，了解与这些气候周期相关的地理和生物多样性变化将为我们了解生物对最近和现代气候变化的反应提供相关的见解。虽然这项研究将集中在奥陶纪和早志留世生物圈及其相互联系，PI建议追求的问题-动物群的范围面积和空间格局如何影响或应对不断变化的环境历史和物种进化动力学-是生物学家和古生物学家追求的基本问题，跨越我们传统的学科界限分类，年龄和概念方法。

Collaborative Research: Graptolite Biogeography, Paleo-GIS, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Early Paleozoic ZooplanktonDaniel Goldman, Dayton University, EAR-0958372Charles Mitchell, SUNY, Buffalo, EAR-0958308H. David Sheets, Canisius College, EAR-0957672ABSTRACTDeep-time perspectives on climatic and oceanographic change are critical for understanding the long-term controls on environmental processes. This is particularly the case for the 'tipping points' that lead to episodes of climatic extremes, events that are often associated with episodes of profound biodiversity change. The spatial and temporal distribution of planktic organisms has proven to be critical to the reconstruction of climatic and oceanographic conditions during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The oldest geological period for which there is a diverse and abundant record of zooplankton is the Ordovician, and that record is provided by graptolites. PIs objectives are to analyze the changing biogeographic distribution patterns in graptolites from the mid-Ordovician into the lower Silurian using newly developing global databases, ecological modeling, and paleo-GIS techniques. Graptolite spatial distribution patterns should help understand the relationship between ancient ocean structure, climate, and zooplankton biogeography. Strong parallels have recently been drawn between the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian and those of the late Cenozoic. Therefore, understanding the biogeographic and biodiversity changes associated with these climatic cycles will provide insights relevant to our understanding of biotic response to recent and modern climate change. Although this study will focus on the Ordovician and Early Silurian biosphere and its interconnections, the questions PIs propose to pursue - how range area and spatial patterning of faunas affect or respond to changing environmental history and species evolutionary dynamics - are fundamental questions that biologists and paleobiologists are pursuing across our traditional disciplinary boundaries of taxon, age, and conceptual approach.