Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Partisan Polarization and the Representation of Women in the U.S. Congress

政治学博士论文研究：党派两极分化和美国国会中的女性代表

• 批准号: 1263767
• 负责人: Suzanne Mettler
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1263767&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

Intellectual MeritThis dissertation makes two main theoretical contributions. First, the theory provides an explanation for contemporary patterns of descriptive representation in the legislature. Second, Party Fit Theory has implications that extend beyond the realm of descriptive representation and politics.  The theory offers an additional explanation for the persistence of polarization.  Party Fit Theory suggests that it may be difficult to elect moderate candidates to a polarized political environment.  This dissertation advances both the representation and partisan polarization literatures.This dissertation seeks to explain partisan differences in representation by developing a theory of Party Fit. Party Fit Theory suggests that a party's ideological reputation sends messages about the type of candidate that belongs in the party. This project focuses on three mechanisms to explain differences in descriptive representation. The first hypothesis explores patterns of attraction among potential members of the legislature. The second hypothesis analyzes patterns of retirement among members of legislature. The third hypothesis examines patterns of support from party activists. A notable feature of the project is that Party Fit Theory is tested on data from within and outside the legislature, whereas previous research tends to focus on one or the other in isolation.Broader Impact of the ResearchThis research contributes to the broader academic and non-academic communities. The findings will be presented at academic conferences and submitted to scholarly journals, and the datasets generated will be made publicly available to scholars. In the future, the Co-PI will teach classes on representation, and the research will enhance the teaching, training, and learning of undergraduate and graduate students. The project also has important consequences for American politics and the quality of representative democracy. We must consider how partisan dynamics affect the election of representatives. This dissertation provides the most complete picture to date of the impact of partisan polarization on representation.

智力价值本论文有两个主要的理论贡献。首先，该理论为当代立法机构中描述性代表的模式提供了解释。第二，政党匹配理论的含义超越了描述性代表和政治领域。该理论为两极分化的持续提供了另一种解释。政党匹配理论表明，在两极分化的政治环境中，可能很难选出温和派候选人。本文同时提出了代表权和党派两极分化的文献。本文试图通过发展政党匹配理论来解释代表中的党派差异。政党契合度理论认为，一个政党的意识形态声誉传递了有关属于该政党的候选人类型的信息。这项研究侧重于三种机制来解释描述性表征的差异。第一个假设探索了立法机构潜在成员之间的吸引力模式。第二个假设分析了立法机构成员的退休模式。第三种假设考察了党内积极分子的支持模式。该项目的一个显著特点是，政党匹配理论是在立法机构内外的数据上进行测试的，而以前的研究往往集中在其中一个孤立的地方。研究的更广泛影响本研究有助于更广泛的学术界和非学术界。这些发现将在学术会议上发表，并提交给学术期刊，生成的数据集将向学者公开。在未来，联合派将开设关于表征的课程，研究将加强本科生和研究生的教学、培训和学习。该项目还对美国政治和代议制民主的质量产生了重要影响。我们必须考虑党派动态如何影响代表的选举。这篇论文提供了迄今为止关于党派两极分化对代表性的影响的最完整的图景。