International Collaboration in Chemistry: Measuring the effects of surfactants on cloud microphysics

国际化学合作：测量表面活性剂对云微物理的影响

• 批准号: 1303763
• 负责人: Ronald Cohen
• 金额: $ 50.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1303763&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Collaboration; Chemistry; Measuring; effects

The Environmental Chemical Sciences Program supports Professor Ronald C. Cohen of the University of California, Berkeley, in collaboration with the research group of Barbara Noziere of the University of Lyon, France to advance understanding of cloud droplets by studying whether surfactants affect droplet growth rates. In the Earth's atmosphere, cloud droplets are formed exclusively by the condensation of water vapor onto micron-size aerosol particles. The research will develop new ideas and approaches to understanding cloud droplet growth especially with respect to the key question of how mixtures of organic chemicals in aerosol and on water droplets affect droplet growth rates. In Lyon, the focus of the research will be on the characterization of surfactants found in ambient aerosol. At Berkeley the focus will be on determining parameters that affect droplet growth and evaporation and understanding how model surfactants as well as the surfactants extracted from ambient aerosol by the Lyon group affect the evaporation and growth. To accomplish these goals, novel analytical and spectroscopic methods will be developed, including optical traps, fluorescence anisotropy decay, Raman thermometry and cavity enhanced Raman scattering, to investigate the effect of atmospheric surfactants on cloud droplet formation and growth.This project will develop and apply the next generation of laboratory experiments to study the fundamental chemistry of cloud droplet growth. In the Earth's atmosphere, cloud droplets are formed exclusively by the condensation of water vapor onto micron-size aerosol particles. The Cohen group at Berkeley and the Noziere group at Lyon have separately pioneered new approaches to studying droplet growth over the last few years. Fusion of the experimental skills and knowledge of the two teams, a goal of this project, is expected to lead to unique advances in our understanding of the chemical link between aerosol and clouds, especially at the crucial step of cloud droplet growth. This project is expected to result in significant advances in our understanding of the scientific basis for policy decisions regarding air quality and climate. The results will be communicated both in the scientific literature, to a more general audience through various media and directly to regulators and policy makers in California with whom the PI meets informally at meetings aimed at planning for climate change in the local region

环境化学科学项目支持加州大学伯克利分校的Ronald C.Cohen教授与法国里昂大学的Barbara Noziere研究小组合作，通过研究表面活性剂是否影响液滴生长速度来促进对云滴的理解。在地球大气层中，云滴完全是由水蒸气凝结到微米大小的气溶胶颗粒上形成的。这项研究将开发新的想法和方法来理解云滴的增长，特别是关于气溶胶和水滴中的有机化学品混合物如何影响云滴增长这一关键问题。在里昂，研究的重点将是在环境气溶胶中发现的表面活性剂的特征。在伯克利，重点将是确定影响液滴生长和蒸发的参数，并了解模型表面活性剂以及里昂小组从环境气溶胶中提取的表面活性剂如何影响蒸发和生长。为了实现这些目标，将发展新的分析和光谱方法，包括光学陷阱、荧光各向异性衰减、拉曼测温和腔增强拉曼散射，以研究大气表面活性剂对云滴形成和增长的影响。本项目将发展和应用下一代实验室实验来研究云滴增长的基本化学。在地球大气层中，云滴完全是由水蒸气凝结到微米大小的气溶胶颗粒上形成的。在过去的几年里，伯克利的科恩小组和里昂的诺齐埃小组分别开创了研究液滴生长的新方法。这两个团队的实验技能和知识的融合是该项目的一个目标，预计将导致我们在理解气溶胶和云之间的化学联系方面取得独特的进展，特别是在云滴生长的关键阶段。预计该项目将在我们对空气质量和气候政策决策的科学基础的理解方面取得重大进展。结果将在科学文献中通过各种媒体传达给更广泛的受众，并直接传达给加利福尼亚州的监管机构和政策制定者，他们在旨在规划当地气候变化的会议上与PI非正式会面