Impacts of distant pollution sources on microphysical transitions in Arctic clouds

遥远污染源对北极云层微物理转变的影响

• 批准号: 1303965
• 负责人: Timothy Garrett
• 金额: $ 45.08万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1303965&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impacts; distant; pollution; sources; microphysical

A growing body of research indicates that biomass and industrial aerosols from mid-latitudes have a broad range of effects on arctic climatological systems. Pollutant aerosols directly and indirectly perturb solar reflection and thermal radiative emission in the atmosphere, and soot accelerates melting when it accumulates on snow. Nonetheless, much remains unknown about how pollution plumes are modifying arctic cloud properties and precipitation. Consequently, the impact of pollution on the arctic climate system is not well understood.Past research into aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in the Arctic has generally focused on small time and spatial scales, using a combination of aircraft and numerical modeling work. Less research has investigated these processes over climatological time scales and pan-Arctic spatial scales, the scales that are particularly relevant to guide and evaluate precipitation formation in larger scale climate models. Using a range of observational techniques for studying aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate interactions, including ground-based and space-based approaches, the researchers will assess the following question: When particulate pollution reaches the Arctic, is it associated with a modification of cloud properties and an inhibition of ice crystal precipitation from super-cooled, low-level Arctic liquid clouds? The knowledge generated from this study will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of biomass burning and industrial aerosols on the arctic climate system.

越来越多的研究表明，来自中纬度地区的生物质和工业气溶胶对北极气候系统有着广泛的影响。 污染物气溶胶直接或间接地干扰大气中的太阳反射和热辐射发射，烟尘在积雪上积聚时加速融化。 尽管如此，关于污染羽流如何改变北极云的特性和降水，仍有许多未知之处。 过去对北极气溶胶-云-降水相互作用的研究一般集中在小的时间和空间尺度上，使用飞机和数值模拟工作相结合。 较少的研究已经调查了这些过程的气候时间尺度和泛北极空间尺度，尺度，特别是相关的指导和评估降水的形成在较大尺度的气候模式。 使用一系列观测技术研究气溶胶-云-降水-气候相互作用，包括地基和天基方法，研究人员将评估以下问题：当颗粒污染到达北极时，它是否与云特性的改变和对冰晶沉淀的抑制有关？ 从这项研究中产生的知识将有助于更好地了解生物质燃烧和工业气溶胶对北极气候系统的影响。