Collaborative Research: Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS)

2010年，位于格陵兰冰盖中心的格陵兰萨米特观测站得到了扩展，增加了一套全面的云-大气观测仪器，包括微波和红外光谱仪、云雷达、去偏振激光雷达、云高计、降水传感器、声雷达和一个每天两次的无线电探空仪计划。这项观测工作被称为ICECAPS（能量、云、大气状态和降水的综合表征）。 在此建议继续开展这一项目，并适度加强对大气气溶胶的观测。从这套扩大的仪器中获得的测量结果将用于获得关键的基线大气数据产品，包括：* 大气状态-对流层温度、湿度和风廓线 * 气溶胶-总粒子和云凝结核的浓度 * 云宏观物理学-发生、垂直边界、温度 * 云微观物理学-相位、含水量和特征粒子大小 * 降水类型和速率这些产品与Summit正在进行的类似测量结合在一起，可用于研究影响现场地表能量收支和降水的过程，以及解决与大气稳定性、云相组成、层状云的持久性和气溶胶-云相互作用有关的问题。还预计，科学界各部门将继续利用这些观测结果促进对地理信息系统和北极气候的了解，验证卫星观测结果，并评价模型模拟。 研究生在这个项目的大多数方面发挥着重要作用，获得了极场工作，操作仪器和处理数据的宝贵经验。此外，该研究小组还制定了一项独特的教育和推广计划，与当地学校的学生合作，使用简单的代用仪器，帮助他们了解大气原理和观测，并通过广泛的推广活动加强学校的科学课程。

In 2010, the observatory at Summit, Greenland, in the center of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), was expanded to include a comprehensive suite of cloud-atmosphere observing instruments including microwave and infrared spectrometers, cloud radar, depolarization lidar, ceilometer, precipitation sensor, sodar, and a twice-daily radiosonde program. This observing effort was termed ICECAPS (Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit). A continuation of this project is proposed here, with moderate enhancements to include atmospheric aerosol observations. Measurements from this expanded instrument suite will be used to derive critical baseline atmospheric data products including:* Atmospheric State - tropospheric temperature, moisture, and wind profiles* Aerosols - concentration of total particles and cloud condensation nuclei* Cloud Macrophysics - occurrence, vertical boundaries, temperature* Cloud Microphysics - phase, water content, and characteristic particle size* Precipitation - type and rateTogether these products, when combined with similar ongoing measurements at Summit, can be used to study processes that impact the surface energy budget and precipitation at the site, as well as addressing questions related to atmospheric stability, cloud phase composition, the persistence of stratiform clouds, and aerosol-cloud interactions. It is further anticipated that these observations will continue to be used by a broad cross-section of the scientific community to promote understanding of GIS and Arctic climate, validate satellite observations, and evaluate model simulations. Graduate students play significant roles in most aspects of this project, gaining valuable experience with polar field work, operating instruments, and processing data. In addition, this research team has developed a unique education and outreach plan to work with students from local schools using simple, proxy instrumentation to help develop their understanding of atmospheric principles and observations, and to enhance the scientific curriculum in their schools via a wide range of outreach activities.