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Tailoring cementitious materials with genetically, engineered microbial exopolysaccharides, a biologically inspired approach towards high-performance construction materials

用基因工程微生物胞外多糖定制水泥材料，这是一种受生物学启发的高性能建筑材料方法

基本信息

批准号：
210721357
负责人：
Professor Dr. Johann Plank
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Chemie Biogener Rohstoffe
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2014-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/210721357?language=en
关键词：
Tailoring cementitious materials genetically engineered

项目摘要

Biomineralizing organisms exert vast control on their inorganic components by secerning evolutionary optimized biopolymers during mineral formation. This often leads to multifunctional materials, some of which show superior combinations of technically relevant properties, such as a concomitant high hardness and toughness, while employing “inexpensive” bulk materials (CaCO3, apatite or silica). Although in the past, the potential technological link between (load-bearing) biominerals (e.g. bone, teeth, shells) and high-performance construction materials had been realized by numerous investigators, the knowledge transfer gleaned from biological mineralization principles into the scientific field of cementitious construction materials as yet has remained elusive. The reasons for this failure are manyfold, ranging from the problem of cost pressure, which is immanent to construction materials, to the incomplete mechanistic understanding of mineralisation processes under biological control as well as the complex mineralogy and setting behaviour of cementitious materials (i.e. concrete).This proposal aims at bridging the gap between the two scientific disciplines. In a collaborative effort we propose to study the formation of hybrid materials that are composed of polysaccharides and major mineral phases that constitute components of cement mixtures. Microbial exopolysaccharides are being produced in suspension cell cultures, which represents a cost-efficient means to produce complex biopolymers that can be genetically tailored in terms of molecular weight distribution, branching degree and charge density. The interactions of these polymers with inorganic phases relevant to construction materials (calcium carbonate, sulphate, and calcium aluminate hydrate) shall be explored with the focus laid upon the polymers’ influence exerted on the particular polymorph, individual crystal morphology and the texture of polycrystalline materials. For the latter hybrid materials, mechanical tests should serve as benchmark for deriving construction materials that show improved mechanical properties. As a long-term perspective, this biologically inspired approach might pave the way towards economic light-construction materials that will dispense with steel reinforcements.

生物矿化生物体通过在矿物形成过程中寻找进化优化的生物聚合物，对其无机成分发挥巨大的控制作用。这通常会产生多功能材料，其中一些材料表现出技术相关特性的卓越组合，例如同时具有高硬度和韧性，同时采用“廉价”散装材料（CaCO3、磷灰石或二氧化硅）。尽管在过去，许多研究人员已经认识到（承重）生物矿物（例如骨骼、牙齿、贝壳）与高性能建筑材料之间的潜在技术联系，但从生物矿化原理收集到的知识转移到水泥建筑材料科学领域仍然难以实现。失败的原因是多方面的，从建筑材料固有的成本压力问题到对生物控制下矿化过程的不完整机械理解，以及胶凝材料（即混凝土）的复杂矿物学和凝结行为。该提案旨在弥合两个科学学科之间的差距。在合作中，我们建议研究由多糖和构成水泥混合物成分的主要矿物相组成的杂化材料的形成。微生物胞外多糖是在悬浮细胞培养物中生产的，这代表了一种生产复杂生物聚合物的经济有效的方法，这些生物聚合物可以在分子量分布、支化度和电荷密度方面进行基因定制。应探讨这些聚合物与建筑材料相关无机相（碳酸钙、硫酸盐和水合铝酸钙）的相互作用，重点是聚合物对特定多晶型、单个晶体形态和多晶材料结构的影响。对于后者的混合材料，机械测试应作为获得表现出改进的机械性能的建筑材料的基准。从长远来看，这种受生物学启发的方法可能会为无需钢筋的经济轻型建筑材料铺平道路。