Tailoring cementitious materials with genetically, engineered microbial exopolysaccharides, a biologically inspired approach towards high-performance construction materials

用基因工程微生物胞外多糖定制水泥材料，这是一种受生物学启发的高性能建筑材料方法

基本信息

批准号：
210721357
负责人：
Professor Dr. Johann Plank
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Chemie Biogener Rohstoffe
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2014-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/210721357?language=en
关键词：
Tailoring cementitious materials genetically engineered

项目摘要

Biomineralizing organisms exert vast control on their inorganic components by secerning evolutionary optimized biopolymers during mineral formation. This often leads to multifunctional materials, some of which show superior combinations of technically relevant properties, such as a concomitant high hardness and toughness, while employing “inexpensive” bulk materials (CaCO3, apatite or silica). Although in the past, the potential technological link between (load-bearing) biominerals (e.g. bone, teeth, shells) and high-performance construction materials had been realized by numerous investigators, the knowledge transfer gleaned from biological mineralization principles into the scientific field of cementitious construction materials as yet has remained elusive. The reasons for this failure are manyfold, ranging from the problem of cost pressure, which is immanent to construction materials, to the incomplete mechanistic understanding of mineralisation processes under biological control as well as the complex mineralogy and setting behaviour of cementitious materials (i.e. concrete).This proposal aims at bridging the gap between the two scientific disciplines. In a collaborative effort we propose to study the formation of hybrid materials that are composed of polysaccharides and major mineral phases that constitute components of cement mixtures. Microbial exopolysaccharides are being produced in suspension cell cultures, which represents a cost-efficient means to produce complex biopolymers that can be genetically tailored in terms of molecular weight distribution, branching degree and charge density. The interactions of these polymers with inorganic phases relevant to construction materials (calcium carbonate, sulphate, and calcium aluminate hydrate) shall be explored with the focus laid upon the polymers’ influence exerted on the particular polymorph, individual crystal morphology and the texture of polycrystalline materials. For the latter hybrid materials, mechanical tests should serve as benchmark for deriving construction materials that show improved mechanical properties. As a long-term perspective, this biologically inspired approach might pave the way towards economic light-construction materials that will dispense with steel reinforcements.

生物仪通过在矿物质形成过程中脱颖而出优化的生物聚合物，对其无机成分产生了极大的控制。这通常会导致多功能材料，其中一些材料表现出技术相关特性的优越组合，例如伴随的高硬度和韧性，同时采用“廉价”的散装材料（Caco3，Apatite或Silica）。尽管过去，众多研究人员已经实现了（骨，牙齿，壳）和高性能建筑材料之间的潜在技术联系，但从生物矿化原理中转移的知识转移到了既有胶合矿化原理的科学领域，又无法恢复。发生这种故障的原因是许多折叠，从成本压力的问题到建筑材料的成本压力问题，到生物控制下的矿化过程以及对水泥材料的复杂矿物学和设定行为的不完全理解（即混凝土）。这项提案的目标是使两种科学训练之间的差异构成差异。在协作的努力中，我们建议研究由多糖和主要矿物相组成的杂种材料的形成，这些矿物阶段构成了水泥混合物的组成部分。在悬浮细胞培养物中产生微生物外多糖，这代表了一种具有成本效益的手段，用于产生复杂的生物聚合物，这些生物聚合物通常是根据分子量分布，分支程度和电荷密度来定制的。这些聚合物与与建筑材料（碳酸钙，硫酸盐和铝水合钙）相关的无机阶段的相互作用应探索，重点是对聚合物对特定多晶，单个晶体形态和多晶材料的质地施加的聚合物影响。对于后一种杂种材料，机械测试应作为推导表现出改善机械性能的建筑材料的基准。从长期的角度来看，这种受生物启发的方法可能会为将朝着钢筋提供的经济光构造材料铺平道路。