NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2013

2013 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金

• 批准号: 1309320
• 负责人: Ari Martinez
• 金额: $ 20.7万
• 依托单位: Martinez Ari E
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1309320&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology; FY

Using energetics to understand the organization of stable mixed-species societiesMixed-species animal societies are ubiquitous in many communities, and range from fluid groups to ecologically stable associations with high fidelity by individual group members. In some societies, certain species eavesdrop on alarm calls of other species, yet it is unclear what the overall costs and benefits are for each species and thus the nature of species interactions. In rainforests, mixed species bird groups take on the most extreme form of stability known, and attract other species on a facultative basis. The permanence of such stable animal societies sets the stage for the evolution of complex communication in which species eavesdrop on alarm calls of other species and where some species potentially deceive others with false alarm calls. This project uses measurements of metabolic costs of flock members in and out of flocks to evaluate alternative hypotheses of how alarm calling and non-alarm calling bird species benefit from these associations. Multi-species flocks are crucial to the high diversity of tropical bird communities and are vulnerable to habitat degradation. This project uses an integrative approach to ecology, incorporating physiology with behavior to evaluate the costs and benefits that drive the organization of stable mixed-species vertebrate societies. It will also broaden the participation of underrepresented groups in science through the extension of inquiry-based science initiatives with rural Peruvian students and teachers, training opportunities for undergraduates, and the continuation of an inquiry-based field research design course for undergraduates from Latin America.

利用能量学来理解稳定的混合物种社会的组织混合物种动物社会在许多社区中普遍存在，并且范围从流动群体到生态稳定的个体群体成员高度忠诚的协会。 在某些社会中，某些物种会偷听其他物种的警报，但目前还不清楚每个物种的总体成本和收益是什么，因此物种相互作用的性质。在热带雨林中，混合物种的鸟类群体呈现出已知的最极端的稳定形式，并在兼性的基础上吸引其他物种。这种稳定的动物社会的持久性为复杂的通信的进化奠定了基础，在这种通信中，物种会窃听其他物种的警报呼叫，并且某些物种可能会用虚假警报呼叫来欺骗其他物种。 该项目使用测量的群成员的代谢成本和出羊群，以评估报警呼叫和非报警呼叫鸟类如何从这些协会受益的替代假设。多物种的鸟群对热带鸟类群落的高度多样性至关重要，而且容易受到栖息地退化的影响。 该项目采用生态学的综合方法，将生理学与行为结合起来，以评估推动稳定的混合物种脊椎动物社会组织的成本和收益。 它还将扩大代表性不足的群体对科学的参与，办法是向秘鲁农村的学生和教师推广基于调查的科学倡议，为大学生提供培训机会，并继续为拉丁美洲的大学生开设基于调查的实地研究设计课程。