Rapid Response: Morphological Change Near Katama Inlet During Hurricane Sandy

快速响应：桑迪飓风期间卡塔马湾附近的形态变化

• 批准号: 1310876
• 负责人: Steve Elgar
• 金额: $ 2.57万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-11-15 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1310876&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; Response; Morphological; Change; Near

Intellectual Merit:Hurricane Sandy produced 11-m high waves in 66-m water depth on the continental shelf south of Cape Cod and 5-m high waves in 12-m depth 2 km offshore of the southern shore of Martha's Vineyard, MA. The large waves combined with strong tidal- and wave-driven currents can transport tremendous amounts of sediment along the shoreline, and into the inlet during flood tides. Visual inspection of Katama Bay and Inlet after Hurricane Sandy suggest there were large changes to the ebb shoal, shoreline, inlet, and back bay. A post-Sandy survey of the ebb shoal, inlet channel, and back bay near Katama Inlet will be conducted. When combined with the pre-Sandy survey and observations of tides, waves, and currents that were collected by the investigators before, during, and after Hurricane Sandy, the proposed observations will allow the data and numerical models to be used for addressing the following hypotheses:(i) the timing of storms relative to ebb and flood flows is important to the morphological evolution, and(ii) accretion inside the bay is caused by sand carried alongshore from the west and subsequently transported into the inlet during flood flows.An additional hypothesis is that wave radiation stresses drive water into the inlet, producing stronger flood and weaker ebb flows, further enhancing the transport of sediment into the inlet during storms.Broader Impacts:The project investigators have been providing the local harbormaster, boating organizations, and shell fishermen with updated bathymetric maps to help them with their operations. Improved understanding of, and numerical models for, the processes affecting the morphology would help them with future management decisions as the inlet evolves. For example, the US Army Corps of Engineers has investigated establishing a sustainable breach between Katama Bay and the Atlantic to prevent siltation of the commercial oyster farms in the bay, potentially resulting in several million dollars per year of benefit to the local shell fishing industry. In addition, the results from this study will help harbormasters plan operations as the inlet evolves and currents change in Edgartown Harbor. Moreover, a field-verified modeling system of inlet evolution can be used to simulate a range of nearshore systems, allowing simulations and what-if scenarios in other areas. In addition, the observations will be used by three WHOI-MIT PhD students as part of their dissertation research about the effects of waves on shoreline morphological evolution and on inlet flows.

智力优势：桑迪飓风在科德角以南的大陆架 66 米水深处产生了 11 米高的波浪，并在马萨诸塞州玛莎葡萄园岛南岸 2 公里处的 12 米深处产生了 5 米高的波浪。大波浪与强大的潮汐和波浪驱动的水流相结合，可以沿着海岸线输送大量沉积物，并在涨潮期间进入入口。桑迪飓风过后对卡塔马湾和水湾的目视检查表明，落潮滩、海岸线、水湾和后湾发生了巨大变化。 将对卡塔马湾附近的退潮浅滩、进水航道和后湾进行桑迪后调查。结合桑迪前的调查以及研究人员在飓风桑迪之前、期间和之后收集的潮汐、波浪和海流的观测结果，拟议的观测结果将允许使用数据和数值模型来解决以下假设：(i) 风暴相对于潮起潮落的时间对于形态演化很重要，(ii) 海湾内的堆积是由沿岸携带的沙子引起的 另一个假设是，波浪辐射应力将水驱入入口，产生更强的洪水和更弱的落潮，进一步增强了风暴期间沉积物向入口的输送。更广泛的影响：项目调查人员一直在向当地港务长、划船组织和贝壳渔民提供最新的测深地图，以帮助他们进行操作。更好地了解影响形态的过程和数值模型将有助于他们随着入口的发展做出未来的管理决策。例如，美国陆军工程兵团已研究在卡塔马湾和大西洋之间建立一个可持续的缺口，以防止海湾商业牡蛎养殖场淤积，每年可能为当地贝类捕捞业带来数百万美元的收益。此外，这项研究的结果将有助于港口管理员在埃德加敦港的入口演变和水流变化时规划运营。此外，经过现场验证的入口演化建模系统可用于模拟一系列近岸系统，从而允许在其他区域进行模拟和假设场景。此外，三名 WHOI-MIT 博士生将使用这些观测结果作为他们关于波浪对海岸线形态演化和入口流量影响的论文研究的一部分。