DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Behavioral type - environment correlations in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

论文研究：三刺棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）的行为类型 - 环境相关性

• 批准号: 1311238
• 负责人: Alison Bell
• 金额: $ 2.06万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1311238&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Behavioral; type; environment

Consistent individual differences in behavior, analogous to personality in humans, are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom. Animals can serve as models to study the evolutionary and ecological causes and consequences of personality in ways that are not possible in human psychology. For example, researchers interested in differences in boldness, aggression, and exploratory behavior have studied a fish, named the three-spined stickleback, that has a relatively short lifespan and is easy to care for. Previous studies have shown that different personalities of three-spined stickleback occur in different habitats and social environments in nature. The goal of this project is to determine 1) whether the personality of an individual is shaped by their environment, i.e. via plasticity; 2) if certain personalities consistently use certain environments over time (for example, if bold individuals always occur in large social groups); and 3) whether individuals tend to occur in environments for which they are well-suited. The project comprises an intensive laboratory-based experiment and a large-scale study of three-spined stickleback in their natural environment to provide a complete understanding of why some personalities are more likely to occur in certain habitats or social environments. This work has important implications for understanding why animals, including humans, show such marked variation in behavior that is consistent across time or context. This project provides ample training opportunities for undergraduates to become future scientists. The topic of the research, especially the field component, is highly accessible to a general audience and will be presented as science-in-action to local citizens and vacationers throughout the field season in rural Mendocino County, CA. Data from this project will be made available in the Dryad Digital Repository (datadryad.org).

行为上一致的个体差异，类似于人类的个性，在整个动物王国中无处不在。动物可以作为研究人格的进化和生态原因和后果的模型，这在人类心理学中是不可能的。例如，对大胆、攻击性和探索性行为的差异感兴趣的研究人员研究了一种名为三棘鱼的鱼，这种鱼的寿命相对较短，而且容易照顾。以往的研究表明，三刺鱼的不同性格发生在自然界不同的栖息地和社会环境中。这个项目的目标是确定1）一个人的个性是否是由他们的环境塑造的，即通过可塑性; 2）如果某些个性随着时间的推移一直使用某些环境（例如，如果大胆的个人总是出现在大型社会群体中）;和3）个人是否倾向于出现在他们非常适合的环境中。该项目包括一个密集的实验室实验和一个大规模的研究三棘鱼在他们的自然环境中，以提供一个完整的理解为什么一些性格更容易发生在某些栖息地或社会环境。这项工作对于理解为什么包括人类在内的动物在行为上表现出如此显著的变化具有重要意义，这种变化在时间或环境中是一致的。该项目为本科生成为未来的科学家提供了充足的培训机会。该研究的主题，特别是实地部分，是非常容易接近的一般观众，并将作为科学在行动中提出给当地公民和度假者在农村门多西诺县，加利福尼亚州的整个外地季节。该项目的数据将在Dryad数字储存库（datadryad.org）中提供。