Dissertation Research: Reconstructing past terrestrial nitrogen cycles from chlorophyll degradation products in soil

论文研究：从土壤中叶绿素降解产物重建过去的陆地氮循环

• 批准号: 1311365
• 负责人: Benjamin Houlton
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-10-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1311365&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Reconstructing; past; terrestrial

The goal of this project is to develop a method to reconstruct how nitrogen cycles of pre-industrial landscapes behaved in the past during periods of environmental and ecological change to enable better insights into potential future changes. Changes in nitrogen dynamics of the past, such as how much nitrogen was available for plants to take up from the soil, or whether losses of nitrogen from ecosystems were greater in water or as a gas to the atmosphere, may be inferred from information contained in the nitrogen isotope ratios of the remains of plant parts that persist in soils. This project will examine the persistence of particular plant compounds in soils and determine if their nitrogen isotope ratios are conserved as the plant residues decompose to form more stable soil organic matter. The need to accurately include the dynamics of nitrogen into models of global carbon and climate is well recognized. Nitrogen is the nutrient which most commonly limits plant growth and, as a result, has a major influence over carbon storage on land and in soils. It is a paradox that nitrogen is also an important pollutant, depending on where it is and what chemical forms it takes. Future responses of the nitrogen cycle to concurrent changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and biodiversity are highly uncertain. Predictions of future conditions will be greatly improved through greater understanding of how nitrogen cycles have changed in the past. As part of this project, the researchers will mentor a high school student in the development of a soils-based activity targeting the California State Science Standards for ecology. This activity will be incorporated into an existing education and natural resource stewardship program that connects classroom learning to the real world for high school students from underserved, minority-dominated farming communities in the state.

该项目的目标是开发一种方法来重建工业化前景观的氮循环在过去环境和生态变化期间的表现，以便更好地了解未来的潜在变化。过去氮动态的变化，例如植物从土壤中吸收了多少氮，或者生态系统中氮的损失是在水中还是作为气体进入大气中更大，可以从土壤中持久存在的植物部分残留物的氮同位素比率中所包含的信息推断出来。该项目将研究土壤中特定植物化合物的持久性，并确定其氮同位素比率是否随着植物残留物分解形成更稳定的土壤有机物质而保持不变。需要准确地将氮的动态纳入全球碳和气候的模型中，这一点得到了广泛的认可。氮是最常见的限制植物生长的营养素，因此，对土地和土壤中的碳储存有重大影响。这是一个悖论，氮也是一个重要的污染物，这取决于它在哪里，它采取什么化学形式。未来氮循环对气候、大气二氧化碳水平和生物多样性变化的反应是高度不确定的。 通过更好地了解氮循环在过去是如何变化的，将大大改善对未来条件的预测。 作为该项目的一部分，研究人员将指导一名高中生开发一项以土壤为基础的活动，目标是加州生态科学标准。这项活动将纳入现有的教育和自然资源管理计划，该计划将课堂学习与该州服务不足、少数民族占主导地位的农业社区的高中生的真实的世界联系起来。