RAPID: Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Ecology of the New Jersey Shorelines: Recovery and Resilience

CBET-1313185米歇尔·C·布法德尔新泽西理工学院飓风桑迪过后，对北泽西海岸线的生态弹性进行了评估。选择了三个地点，每个地点代表不同的生态系统：拉里坦湾的沙滩，一个湿地系统，以及纽瓦克湾内陆一英里的帕塞伊克河上的一个地点。从历史上看，这些系统是淡水到微咸水系统，重要的是量化它们内部由于大量海水和沙子侵入它们而产生的压力。取样横断面被设置在内陆地区洪水泛滥的沙滩上，洪水在风暴结束后一周仍在继续。人们的假设是，这场住宅洪水在质量和数量上改变了周围环境中的化学物质通量。正在获取孔隙水的测量数据，并对这些数据进行营养、金属和盐度分析。湿地系统是微咸水的，需要检验的假设是湿地的行为从产甲烷转变为硫酸盐还原。正在对沉积物样本进行硫化物、营养物质、金属(铁、锰等)和多环芳烃的分析。在变饱和介质中密度相关流动的有限元模型Marun将被用来解释结果。正在测试的假设是，由于之前的大风暴潮，飓风桑迪对帕塞伊克河的破坏比飓风艾琳造成的破坏更严重。城市中心的沿海地区正受到人口密度和活动增加的压力。虽然这种压力的量化是具有挑战性的，但在飓风等主要但不常见的压力来源存在的情况下，这变得极其困难。此外，城市海岸线由人为结构、受控制(或受管制)的河口、海滩表面形态和湿地组成。维护这样一个完整的系统需要各种工具和测量方法，每种工具和测量方法都适用于特定的生态系统。在这个项目中，对三个生态系统进行了特定地点的测量：海滩、湿地和河口居民区，该项目的目标是提供数据，可以用来更好地构建海岸线可持续性的模型。这项研究的结果将传达给各利益攸关方，包括受影响的当地社区和新泽西州。

CBET - 1313185Michel C. BoufadelThe New Jersey Institute of TechnologyThe ecological resilience of the North Jersey shorelines was evaluated following Hurricane Sandy. Three locations were selected each representing a different ecosystem: Sand beaches in Raritan Bay, a wetland system, and a site on the Passaic River a mile inland of Newark Bay. These systems were historically freshwater to brackish, and it was important to quantify the stress within them as a result of the intrusion of large volumes of seawater and sand onto them. Sampling transects were set across sand beaches whose inland areas where flooded, and the flooding persisted one week after the end of the storm. The hypothesis was that this residential flooding altered the ambient flux of chemicals in terms of quality and quantity. Measurements of pore water are being acquired, and they are analyzed for nutrients, metals, and salinity. The wetland system was brackish, and the hypothesis to test was that the behavior of the wetland switched from methanogenesis to sulfate reduction. Sediment samples are being analyzed for sulfide, nutrients, metals (Iron, Manganese, etc), and PAHs. The model MARUN, a finite element model for density-dependent flow in variably-saturated media will be used to interpret the results. The hypothesis being tested is that the impairment of the Passaic River due to Hurricane Sandy is more severe than that due to Hurricane Irene due to the large storm surge of the prior.Coastal areas in urban centers are being stressed by increased population density and activity. While the quantification of this stress is challenging, it becomes extremely difficult in the presence of major but infrequent stressors such as hurricanes. In addition, urban coastlines consist of a mixture of anthropogenic structures, controlled (or regulated) estuaries, beach face morphology, and wetlands. Maintaining such a system whole requires various tools and measurements, each adapted to a particular ecosystem. In this project, site-specific measurements were made in three ecosystems: Beach face, wetland, and estuary residential areas, and the goal of the project is to provide data that could be used to better construct a model for coastline sustainability. The results of this study will be communicated to various stakeholders, including impacted local communities and the State of New Jersey.