Collaborative Research: Characterizing the Roles of Atmospheric Structure and Clouds on the Radiation and Precipitation Budgets at Summit, Greenland

合作研究：描述大气结构和云对格陵兰峰会辐射和降水预算的作用

• 批准号: 1314358
• 负责人: David Turner
• 金额: $ 14.04万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-10-01 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1314358&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Characterizing; Roles; Atmospheric

Funds are provided to characterize the interactions among the atmospheric state, cloud properties, radiation, and precipitation at Summit, Greenland. The objective is to investigate a number of important cloud-related processes, how these interact with the Arctic climate system, and their impact on the surface energy and mass budgets. Specific foci will include:1) Low-cloud persistence mechanisms that lead to long-lived Arctic stratiform clouds, which interact strongly with the atmospheric structure and surface energy budget;2) Cloud-phase partitioning, which determines the cloud microphysical composition and, ultimately, the effects that clouds have on atmospheric radiation and the hydrologic cycle; and3) Precipitation partitioning, in order to understand the different modes of precipitation at Summit and how these impact the total surface accumulation.To address these topics, this project will utilize detailed observations from a suite of ground-based remote sensors deployed at Summit as part of the NSF/AON-funded ICECAPS project in combination with data from satellite-borne active remote sensors. High-resolution numerical modeling will also be used to investigate many of the fine-scale cloud processes and their mesoscale influences. These studies over the Greenland Ice Sheet will also be considered within the context of similar measurements and model studies made at other Arctic locations in order to understand these important processes over Summit and, in a more general sense, across the Arctic.Atmospheric water vapor, clouds, and precipitation greatly affect the surface energy and cryospheric mass balances in the Arctic, and are responsible for much of the variability in these balances. It is thought that recent rapid melting of Arctic sea ice may be driven, in part, by changes in cloud cover and radiation. Cloud-related processes and feedbacks are known to be one of the greatest sources of uncertainty in global climate models, and these shortcomings have been clearly identified in model simulations over the Arctic. Thus, the results of this project should improve our understanding of Arctic cloud processes and their inclusion in climate models, which, in turn, will improve predictability. As broader impacts of this research, the project will provide important data analysis and integration experience for four new graduate students at the participating universities. In addition, data and results from this study will be integrated into undergraduate coursework and summer workshops for high school students and teachers.

提供资金来描述格陵兰萨米特的大气状态、云特性、辐射和降水之间的相互作用。目标是调查一些重要的云相关过程、这些过程如何与北极气候系统相互作用，以及它们对地表能量和质量预算的影响。具体重点包括：1) 低云持​​续性机制，导致北极层状云寿命较长，与大气结构和地表能量收支产生强烈相互作用；2) 云相划分，决定云的微物理组成，并最终决定云对大气辐射和水文循环的影响； 3) 降水划分，以了解 Summit 的不同降水模式以及这些模式如何影响总表面累积量。为了解决这些主题，该项目将利用部署在 Summit 的一套地面遥感器的详细观测数据，作为 NSF/AON 资助的 ICECAPS 项目的一部分，并结合卫星主动遥感器的数据。高分辨率数值模型还将用于研究许多精细尺度云过程及其中尺度影响。对格陵兰冰盖的这些研究也将在北极其他地点进行的类似测量和模型研究的背景下进行考虑，以便了解峰会上以及更一般意义上整个北极的这些重要过程。大气水蒸气、云和降水极大地影响北极的表面能量和冰冻圈质量平衡，并造成这些平衡的大部分变化。人们认为，最近北极海冰的快速融化可能部分是由云量和辐射的变化造成的。众所周知，与云相关的过程和反馈是全球气候模型中最大的不确定性来源之一，这些缺点已在北极的模型模拟中得到了明确的识别。 因此，该项目的结果应该提高我们对北极云过程及其纳入气候模型的理解，从而提高可预测性。作为这项研究更广泛的影响，该项目将为参与大学的四名新研究生提供重要的数据分析和整合经验。此外，这项研究的数据和结果将被纳入本科课程以及高中生和教师的夏季研讨会中。