Collaborative Grant: Total Energy Expenditure in Apes Measured Using Doubly Labeled Water

合作资助：使用双标记水测量猿类的总能量消耗

• 批准号: 1317161
• 负责人: Stephen Ross
• 金额: $ 7.99万
• 依托单位: Lincoln Park Zoo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1317161&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Grant; Total; Energy; Expenditure

All organisms must expend energy to accomplish the essential physiological tasks of growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Previous work has shown that species often vary in the amount of energy spent on these tasks, and that this variation has very important effects on species' ecology and pace of life. If we are to fully understand the evolved energetic and life-history strategies of ourselves and other related hominoid primates, it is necessary to acquire comparative data; at present, however, very little is known about the energy expenditure strategies of the living apes. This project will provide this structured comparative data on living apes through investigation of how much energy these species spend each day, and these energy expenditure measurements will be used to test the hypothesis that ape energy expenditures constrain their rates of growth, reproduction, and aging, and reflect their diet and ecology in the wild. Total daily energy expenditure (calories/day) in apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons) will be measured using a technique called the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. DLW tracks the body's rate of carbon dioxide production over a two-week period, which in turn provides an accurate measurement of the calories expended during that time; DLW is considered the gold-standard for measurements of daily energy expenditure. Using ape populations housed in Association of Zoos and Aquariums-accredited zoos, total daily energy expenditure will be measured among adult males and females using the DLW method. In addition to testing hypotheses regarding energy budgets, these measurements will advance the current understanding of the physiology and nutritional requirements of these species, as there are currently very few data available for ape energy expenditure. Broader impacts of this project include a better understanding of the nutritional and metabolic requirements of apes, which may improve management strategies for captive apes and therefore improve the health and well-being of apes in captivity; obesity and other metabolic problems are a leading cause of illness in captive apes. This project also will strengthen and develop the role of U.S. zoos in basic research, and will provide research training and experience for undergraduates at Hunter College, Washington University, University of Cincinnati, and at other institutions near participating zoos. Finally, this project will increase public awareness of scientific research and its benefits, as information regarding the project will be made publicly available at participating zoos.

所有生物体都必须消耗能量来完成生长、维持和繁殖等基本生理任务。先前的研究表明，物种在这些任务上花费的能量经常会有所不同，这种变化对物种的生态和生活节奏有非常重要的影响。 如果我们要充分了解我们自己和其他相关的类人灵长类动物的进化能量和生活史策略，就必须获得比较数据;然而，目前对现存猿类的能量消耗策略知之甚少。该项目将通过调查这些物种每天消耗多少能量来提供关于活猿的结构化比较数据，这些能量消耗测量将用于测试猿能量消耗限制其生长，繁殖和衰老速度的假设，并反映它们在野外的饮食和生态。猿类（黑猩猩、倭黑猩猩、大猩猩、猩猩和长臂猿）的每日总能量消耗（卡路里/天）将使用一种称为双标记水（DLW）方法的技术进行测量。DLW跟踪身体在两周内的二氧化碳产生率，这反过来又提供了这段时间内消耗的卡路里的准确测量; DLW被认为是测量每日能量消耗的黄金标准。使用动物园和水族馆协会认证的动物园中饲养的猿种群，使用DLW方法测量成年雄性和雌性的每日总能量消耗。除了测试关于能量预算的假设外，这些测量将促进目前对这些物种的生理和营养需求的理解，因为目前关于猿能量消耗的数据很少。该项目的更广泛影响包括更好地了解猿类的营养和代谢需求，这可能会改善圈养猿类的管理战略，从而改善圈养猿类的健康和福祉;肥胖和其他代谢问题是圈养猿类生病的主要原因。该项目还将加强和发展美国动物园在基础研究中的作用，并将为亨特学院、华盛顿大学、辛辛那提和参与动物园附近的其他机构的本科生提供研究培训和经验。最后，该项目将提高公众对科学研究及其好处的认识，因为有关该项目的信息将在参与的动物园公开提供。