An Economic Anthropological Exploration of Three Conflicts Over Market Value in the Contemporary U.S.

当代美国市场价值三大冲突的经济人类学探索

• 批准号: 1322030
• 负责人: Jane Collins
• 金额: $ 10.8万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1322030&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Economic; Anthropological; Exploration; Three; Conflicts

This research addresses how individuals and groups in the contemporary U.S. measure and conceptualize economic value; that is, how they deploy ideas about worth, utility, and importance. Drawing on convention theory, and using ethnographic (interview-based) methods, it focuses on three contexts where systems of value are in contest: 1) debates over economic contributions of public sector work; 2) arguments over corporate responsibility that have resulted in the chartering of a new form of "Benefit Corporation"; and 3) an experiment with alternative forms of regional economic integration known as "Slow Money." This study will develop a model of how actors build consensus around new modes of evaluation. It uses convention theory - a framework that explores the way meaning is linked to habits, customs, routines, technologies, and standard practices - but extends that framework to focus on moments of contention at the interface of social spheres. The ultimate goal of the research is to provide grounding for more precisely targeted modes of evaluation to replace the monovalent measures that currently inform public policy. Systems of evaluation are central to policy formation across many spheres. Nobel prize-winning economists Joseph Stiglitz and Amartya Sen have argued that new systems of valuation will be critical to our ability to reshape a global economy facing widespread downturn. This task requires systematic study of economic contributions that are not included in measures of value such as Gross Domestic Product. By mapping and analyzing critical debates over "market value" and its alternatives, this study will offer a model of what is at stake in various frameworks for assessing value and of when and how systems of evaluation can change.

这项研究探讨了当代美国的个人和团体如何衡量和概念化经济价值；也就是说，他们如何运用关于价值、效用和重要性的想法。借鉴惯例理论，并使用人种学（基于访谈）方法，它重点关注价值体系存在争议的三种背景：1）关于公共部门工作的经济贡献的辩论； 2) 关于企业责任的争论导致了新形式的“福利公司”的成立； 3) 被称为“慢钱”的区域经济一体化替代形式的实验。 这项研究将开发一个模型，展示参与者如何围绕新的评估模式达成共识。 它使用惯例理论——一个探索意义与习惯、风俗、例行公事、技术和标准实践联系起来的方式的框架——但扩展了该框架以关注社会领域界面上的争论时刻。 该研究的最终目标是为更精确的目标评估模式提供基础，以取代目前为公共政策提供信息的单一措施。 评估体系对于许多领域的政策制定至关重要。 诺贝尔经济学奖获得者约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨和阿马蒂亚·森认为，新的估值体系对于我们重塑面临普遍低迷的全球经济的能力至关重要。 这项任务需要系统研究未包含在国内生产总值等价值衡量标准中的经济贡献。通过绘制和分析有关“市场价值”及其替代方案的关键辩论，本研究将提供一个模型，说明各种价值评估框架中的利害关系以及评估体系何时以及如何改变。