Collaborative Research: Chronology of Epi-Classic Northwestern Mesoamerica

合作研究：中美洲西北部经典年代学

• 批准号: 1324106
• 负责人: Paula Turkon
• 金额: $ 6.66万
• 依托单位: Ithaca College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1324106&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Chronology; Epi; Classic

The Epi-Classic is one of the most turbulent periods in Mesoamerican prehistory. Primarily due to imprecise chronological control, it is also one of the least understood. With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Paula Turkon (Ithaca College) and Dr. Sturt Manning (Cornell University) will use the "dendrochronology-14C wiggle-match" method to develop a much higher-resolution chronology than previously possible. Though narrowly focused on the northwestern frontier of Mesoamerica, the strong connections between this and other regions will allow this project to advance the dating of prehispanic cultural changes throughout MesoamericaThe most significant northward expansion of the Mesoamerican culture area occurred during the Late Classic to Epi-Classic Period. Theories to explain this mass movement of Mesoamerican peoples and their lifestyles into the north include political disintegration in the Mesoamerican core, climate change in this arid region, and the development of exploitive activities and trade networks. Though our understanding of this region has greatly advanced in recent years, indications of the timing and directionality of cultural influences rely on 14C dates with errors of ± 50-90 years. This project will simultaneously address the chronology issue, and set the stage to examine the climate change theory, by employing the "dendrochronology-14C wiggle-matching" method on existing collections of archaeological wood from Epi-Classic archaeological sites in the Malpaso Valley, one of the northernmost regions on the frontier. The wiggle-match method fits 14C dates from tree-ring segments with a known number of rings onto the 14C calibration curve, producing substantially more precise dates than radiocarbon dating alone. Preliminary work on archaeological wood from the Malpaso Valley demonstrates that even short, less-than-ideal samples, can refine dating precision from a 100 calendar year range to as low as a 16 year range.This project represents the only current attempt to apply dendrochronological work on archaeological wood in Mesoamerica. The development of precisely-dated, tree-ring chronologies for the period that corresponds to the prehispanic occupation of the northwestern frontier will also allow extrapolation of variation in water availability that can, in a future project, set the stage to address the climate change theory as an explanation for the frontier's short-lived occupation relative to other regions of Mesoamerica. This project will provide a forum for Mexican and U.S. archaeologists and dendrochronologists, a venue to train undergraduate students at Ithaca College and Cornell University, as well as provide training opportunities for Mexican students and researchers to explore the application of archaeological dendrochronology in Mesoamerica. Formal presentations by the researchers to discuss the merits of tree-ring dating and project results at workshops and universities in Mexico will both extend the call for suitable materials from existing projects and collections, and encourage the collection of wood/charcoal for tree-ring analysis. The data will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, public lectures, and be made available in open-access databases.

Epi-Classic是中美洲史前史上最动荡的时期之一。由于不精确的时间顺序控制，它也是最不被理解的。在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，Paula Turkon博士（伊萨卡学院）和Sturt Manning博士（康奈尔大学）将使用“树木年代学-14 C摆动匹配”方法来开发比以前更高分辨率的年表。 虽然狭隘地集中在中美洲的西北边境，这和其他地区之间的强大连接将使这个项目，以推进整个MesoamericaThe最显着的向北扩展的中美洲文化地区发生在古典晚期Epi-Classic时期的prehispanic文化变化的日期。解释中美洲人民及其生活方式向北方大规模迁移的理论包括中美洲核心的政治解体、干旱地区的气候变化以及剥削活动和贸易网络的发展。虽然近年来我们对这一地区的了解有了很大的进步，但文化影响的时间和方向性的指标依赖于14 C日期，误差为± 50-90年。该项目将同时解决年代学问题，并为研究气候变化理论奠定基础，方法是对来自边境最北端地区之一马尔帕索山谷Epi-Classic考古遗址的现有考古木材收藏品采用“树木年代学-14 C摆动匹配”方法。摆动匹配法将已知年轮数的树木年轮片段的14 C测年数据拟合到14 C校准曲线上，产生的日期比单独的放射性碳测年精确得多。对来自马尔帕索山谷的考古木材的初步研究表明，即使是短的、不太理想的样本，也可以将测年精度从100年的范围提高到16年的范围。该项目是目前唯一一个尝试将树木年代学工作应用于中美洲考古木材的项目。精确定年，树木年轮年表的发展，对应于西北边境的前西班牙占领时期，也将允许外推水的可用性的变化，可以在未来的项目，设置阶段，以解决气候变化理论作为解释相对于中美洲其他地区的边境的短暂占领。该项目将为墨西哥和美国考古学家和树木年代学家提供一个论坛，为伊萨卡学院和康奈尔大学的本科生提供培训场所，并为墨西哥学生和研究人员提供培训机会，以探索考古树木年代学在中美洲的应用。研究人员在墨西哥的研讨会和大学举行的正式演讲中讨论了树木年轮测年的优点和项目结果，这将扩大对现有项目和收藏品中合适材料的需求，并鼓励收集木材/木炭进行树木年轮分析。这些数据将通过同行评审期刊、会议介绍、公开讲座传播，并在开放式数据库中提供。

项目成果

APPLICATIONS OF DENDROCHRONOLOGY IN NORTHWESTERN MEXICO

树木年代学在墨西哥西北部的应用

• DOI: 10.1017/laq.2017.60
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Latin American Antiquity
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Turkon, Paula;Manning, Sturt W.;Griggs, Carol;Santos Ramírez, Marco Antonio;Nelson, Ben A.;Torreblanca Padilla, Carlos;Wild, Eva Maria
• 通讯作者: Wild, Eva Maria