Doctoral Dissertation Research in DRMS: A Study of the Efficiency Mechanism of Pooling Systems and Social Capital in Fisheries

DRMS博士论文研究：渔业统筹制度和社会资本的效率机制研究

• 批准号: 1326659
• 负责人: Hirotsugu Uchida
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: University of Rhode Island
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1326659&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; DRMS; Study

Co-management has been recognized as important in successfully governing common pool resources, including coastal fisheries. Fishery co-management, where fishermen collectively manage the fishery as a group, is garnering much attention, for example the the New England groundfish fishery's sector allocation scheme. One of the key characteristics of fishery co-management is the self-imposed rules and practices by the group that aims to achieve certain management goals. This researach focuses on one such practice, a pooling system, in which harvesters share catch and/or profits among members of the group. In Japan case studies have shown that pooling systems work well, but there is one problem: theoretically, pooling system cannot be effective due to the incentive to free-ride on other members' fishing effort. This study looks at how two mechanisms -- social capital and effort coordination -- may overcome the free-riding problem. Social capital refers to attributes such as trust, reciprocity and cooperation in human relationships. Effort coordination includes fishing ground rotation and joint marketing. This research empirically examines the inter-relationships of these mechanisms through surveys and experiments in at least twenty Japanese fishing communities. This project provides a deeper understanding of how one management tool, namely pooling systems, may be applicable for regulators and stakeholders in US fisheries and other similar common pool resources. This new knowledge helps US fisheries to achieve both conservation of resources and economic efficiency of resource use especially in fisheries that are not able to employ effective regulations or an individual catch-share system. Furthermore, the results may show how these management tools can be applicable in developing countries as well as advanced industrial democracies. Eventually, this new knowledge will benefit society by contributing to both a better economy and a healthier environment.

共同管理被认为是成功管理共同资源，包括沿海渔业的重要手段。渔业共同管理，即渔民作为一个群体集体管理渔业，正受到广泛关注，例如新英格兰底栖鱼渔业部门分配计划。渔业共同管理的一个主要特点是，由旨在实现某些管理目标的团体自行实施规则和做法。这项研究的重点是这样一种做法，一个联营系统，其中收获者分享捕获和/或利润之间的成员组。在日本，案例研究表明，联营制度运作良好，但有一个问题：理论上，联营制度不可能有效，因为它鼓励免费乘坐其他成员的捕捞努力。本研究着眼于两种机制-社会资本和努力协调-可以克服搭便车的问题。社会资本是指人际关系中的信任、互惠和合作等属性。努力协调包括渔场轮换和联合销售。本研究通过在日本至少20个渔业社区的调查和实验，实证研究了这些机制的相互关系。该项目提供了一个更深入的了解如何管理工具，即池系统，可能适用于美国渔业和其他类似的共同池资源的监管机构和利益相关者。这些新知识有助于美国渔业实现资源保护和资源利用的经济效率，特别是在无法采用有效法规或单独捕获份额系统的渔业中。此外，研究结果可能会显示这些管理工具如何适用于发展中国家以及先进的工业民主国家。最终，这些新知识将通过促进更好的经济和更健康的环境而造福社会。