Christina River Basin CZO: a whole watershed approach to integrating feedbacks between water, mineral and carbon fluxes in human landscapes

这一为期一年的项目代表了一项计划，以完成对克里斯蒂娜河流域临界区天文台的投资，并获得国家科学基金会奖0724971。CRB-CZO的总体科学目标建立于2009年，目的是检验两个相关假设：1)产生和混合矿物表面和有机碳的水文、化学和生物过程是流域规模的化学风化、土壤生产和碳固存的速率限制；以及：2)人类加速碳-矿物混合的速度，导致对地方、区域和全球预算具有重大意义的人为碳固存。扩展的CRB-CZO团队在宾夕法尼亚州东南部和特拉华州南部的6级CRB分水岭内检验了这些假设，并进行了一系列长期研究，分为4个相互关联的客观领域：1)碳-矿物-微生物-水的相互作用，2)临界带结构、水文生物地球化学功能和碳络合的共同演化，3)对碳-矿物供应、混合和埋藏的动员、运输和沉积控制，以及4)侵蚀驱动的碳封存的腐泥岩到海洋的整合。CRB-CZO研究调查从单个矿物颗粒到整个流域的不同尺度，并涉及现场、实验室和建模方法。这一为期一年的奖项将资助来自5个机构的14名研究人员完成正在进行的关于这些主题的研究。此外，CRB-CZO团队还将最终完成在不同“终端成员”土地用途(森林、农业和受干扰的)的溪流排水研究流域安装传感器站，作为未来研究的投资。该研究计划还概述了在NSF CZO计划之外寻求持续资金的机会。CRB-CZO在这一为期一年的奖励下的研究活动将最终完成对大约8000名博士生的培训，并在同行评议的期刊上发表大量文章，并在科学会议上发表演讲。CRB-CZO将尽可能继续与国家CZO网络(包括国家CZO办公室)进行沟通和协调。调查人员还将在2014年秋季组织克里斯蒂娜流域科学和管理研讨会。研讨会将向各种利益攸关方强调CRB-CZO的研究，包括克里斯蒂娜盆地水质管理委员会，该委员会包括来自15个联邦、州和地方环境资源机构的代表。

This 1-year project represents a plan to complete the investments made in the Christina River Basin (CRB) Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) with NSF award 0724971. The overarching scientific objectives of the CRB-CZO were established in 2009 to test two related hypotheses: 1) Hydrological, chemical, and biological processes that produce and mix mineral surfaces and organic carbon are rate limiting to watershed scale chemical weathering, soil production, and carbon sequestration; and: 2) Humans accelerate rates of carbon-mineral mixing, resulting in anthropogenic carbon sequestration significant to local, regional, and global budgets. The extended CRB-CZO team examined these hypotheses within the 6th-order CRB watershed of Southeastern Pennsylvania and Southern Delaware with a suite of long-term studies organized into 4 inter-related objective areas: 1) Carbon-mineral-microbe-water interactions, 2) Co-evolution of critical zone structure, hydro-bio-geo-chemical function and carbon complexation, 3) Mobilization, transport & depositional controls on carbon-mineral supply, mixing, and burial, and 4) Saprolite to sea integration of erosion-driven carbon sequestration. CRB-CZO studies investigate scales varying from individual mineral grains to entire watersheds, and involve field, lab, and modeling approaches. This 1-year award will fund 14 investigators from 5 institutions to finalize ongoing research on these topics. In addition, the CRB-CZO team will also finalize installation of sensor stations in the streams draining study watersheds with different "endmember" land uses (forest, agriculture, and disturbed) as an investment in future studies. The research plan also outlines opportunities to pursue ongoing funding beyond the NSF CZO program. CRB-CZO research activities under this 1-year award will finalize training of approximately 8 PhD students and result in numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific meetings. CRB-CZO will, to the extent possible, continue to communicate and coordinate with the national CZO network (including the national CZO office). Investigators will also organize a Christina River Basin Science and Management Symposium in the Fall of 2014. The Symposium will highlight CRB-CZO research to a variety of stakeholders, including the Christina Basin Water Quality Management Committee, which includes representatives from 15 federal, state, and local environmental resource agencies.