Collaborative Research: Quantifying changes in the Arctic hydrological cycle at the landscape scale using advances in water vapor isotope (d18O and dD) techniques and aircraft

水文循环在北极气候变化中发挥着核心作用，并与陆地、水生和冰冻圈过程的变化相关联，包括生物地球化学循环的变化。监测这些变化是美国国家科学基金会北极观测网络（AON）的核心部分，该网络是一个具有特定地点责任和测量包的项目联盟。AON的下一个前沿是通过采用新的分析技术（基于激光光谱的水同位素分析仪）和集成平台（如飞机和卫星），促进更好地量化景观和区域生态水文过程的方法。AON的这种转变将启动量化和整合北极冻土带异质景观的研究，同时发展与NEON（国家生态观测站网络）计划平行的能力，从而将AON的相关性扩展到大陆尺度。我们提出了一个EAGER项目，该项目采用一种新的跨学科方法，将同位素地球化学与边界层过程和测量相结合，对冻土带生态系统和景观的生态水文进行监测和测量。这是一种高风险的方法，因为这是对这种特殊仪器的一种新使用，它将改变北极生态水文监测和评估的方式。EAGER是我们项目的正确地点，因为这种水同位素光谱在飞机上的新应用是？高风险，高回报？研究和代表了一种与目前基于实验室的研究完全不同的方法。该项目的智力价值将通过解决以下主要问题来实现：a)在阿拉斯加北部北极山麓和山麓-沿海平原边界的冻土带生态系统的生长期和平季期间，水蒸气同位素的时空格局是什么？在更有限的程度上，我们还问：b)相对于背景湿度，不同生态系统类型和干扰（火和热岩溶）的ET同位素特征是什么？c)上覆大气（生态系统边界高度以上）生态系统ET信号的强度是多少？第一个问题关注飞行测量，第二个问题关注生态塔测量，第三个问题关注两种测量尺度的整合。通过在美国地球物理联合会秋季会议上与科学界分享我们的发现，以及作为我们在阿拉斯加安克雷奇大学（UAA）和阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学（UAF）的教学和研讨会的一部分与学生分享，我们的项目将产生更广泛的影响和推广。我们也会在对航班数据和信息进行后期处理后，与怡安的同事合作，进行数据共享和数据发布。我们对AON EAGER的主要目标是采取转型步骤，通过以下方式在景观和区域尺度上量化水文过程：a)与Picarro公司（http://www.picarro.com/）合作，修改用于飞机的L2120-i，从而达到景观尺度的目的；b)在阿拉斯加北坡进行一系列实地/飞机活动。我们的计划将改变陆地水文循环的测量和监测，超越过去基于点的测量，目前在AON的支持下(即。图里克的奥伯鲍尔和威尔克，Imnaviat Creek的Bret-Hart和Shaver)。我们的EAGER项目还将在怡安和NEON之间提供关键的联系，因为阿拉斯加的站点网络计划于2013年上线。景观尺度的监测对于将北方复杂的生态水文变化拼凑在一起至关重要。非技术摘要：水循环在北极气候变化中发挥着核心作用，并与土地、河流和湖泊以及永久冻土过程的变化相关联，包括养分循环的变化。监测这些变化是美国国家科学基金会北极观测网络（AON）的核心部分，该网络是一个具有特定地点责任和测量包的项目联盟。AON的下一个前沿是通过采用新的分析技术（基于激光光谱的水同位素分析仪）和集成平台（如飞机和卫星），促进更好地量化景观和区域生态水文过程的方法。AON的这种转变将启动量化和整合北极冻土带异质景观的研究，同时发展与NEON（国家生态观测站网络）计划平行的能力，从而将AON的相关性扩展到大陆尺度。我们提出了一个EAGER项目，该项目采用一种新的跨学科方法，将同位素地球化学与边界层过程和测量相结合，对冻土带生态系统和景观的生态水文进行监测和测量。这是一种高风险的方法，因为这是对这种特殊仪器的一种新使用，它将改变北极生态水文监测和评估的方式。我们对AON EAGER的主要目标是采取转型步骤，通过以下方式在景观和区域尺度上量化水文过程：a)与Picarro公司（http://www.picarro.com/）合作，修改用于飞机的L2120-i，从而达到景观尺度的目的；b)在阿拉斯加北坡进行一系列实地/飞机活动。我们的计划将改变陆地水文循环的测量和监测，而不是过去基于点的测量，目前在Imnaviat Creek的AON支持下进行。该项目还将为怡安和NEON之间提供关键的联系，因为阿拉斯加的站点网络计划于2013年上线。景观尺度的监测对于将北方复杂的生态水文变化拼凑在一起至关重要。

The hydrological cycle has a central role in Arctic climate change, and is coupled to alterations of terrestrial, aquatic and cryosphere processes, including shifts in biogeochemical cycles. Monitoring these changes is a central part of the NSF Arctic Observing Network (AON), a consortium of projects with site-specific responsibilities and measurement packages. The next frontier for AON is facilitation of approaches that better quantify landscape and regional ecohydrological process by employing new analytical technologies (laser spectroscopy based water isotope analyzers) and integration of platforms, such as aircraft and satellites. This transformation of AON will initiate studies that quantify and integrate the heterogeneous landscapes of the Arctic tundra, while developing parallel capabilities to the NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network) program, thereby extending the relevance of AON to the continental-scale. We propose an EAGER project that applies a novel interdisciplinary approach by combining isotope geochemistry with boundary layer processes and measurements to monitor and measure the ecohydrology of tundra ecosystems and landscapes. This is a high-risk approach because it is a novel use of this particular instrument and it will change how Arctic ecohydrology is monitored and assessed. EAGER is the correct venue for our project because this novel application of water isotope spectroscopy in an aircraft is ?high risk, high reward? research and represents a radically different approach from laboratory-based studies that are the status quo. The intellectual merit of this project will be accomplished by addressing these primary questions: a) What are the spatial and temporal patterns in water vapor isotopes during the growing and shoulder seasons across the tundra ecosystems in the Arctic Foothills and Foothill-Coastal Plain boundary in Northern Alaska? To a more limited extent, we also ask: b) What is the ET isotope signature associated with different ecosystem types and disturbances (fire and thermokarst) relative to background moisture? c) What is the strength of the ecosystem ET signal in the overlying atmosphere (above the ecosystem boundary height)? The first question focuses on flight measurements, the second on ecosystem tower easurements, and the third on integrating the two measurement scales. The broader impacts and outreach of our project will be accomplished by initially sharing our findings with the scientific community at the fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union and with students as part of our teaching and seminars at the University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). We will also collaborate with AON colleagues on data sharing and data posting after post-processing our flight data and information. Our primary aim with this AON EAGER is to take the transformation step in our capacity to quantify hydrological processes at the landscape and region scale by: a) collaborating with Picarro Inc. (http://www.picarro.com/) in modifying the L2120-i for aircraft and thus landscape scale purposes and b) conducting a series of field/aircraft campaigns on the North Slope of Alaska. Our program would transform the measuring and monitoring of the terrestrial hydrological cycle beyond the point-based measurements of the past and that are currently in place with AON support (ie. Oberbauer and Welker at Toolik, Bret-Hart and Shaver at Imnaviat Creek). Our EAGER project would also provide a critical linkage between AON and NEON as the Alaska network of sites are planned to come on-line in 2013. Landscape-scale monitoring is critical for stitching together the intricacies of the changing ecohydrolgy in the north. Non-technical abstract: The water cycle has a central role in Arctic climate change, and is coupled to alterations of land, rivers and lakes as well as permafrost processes, including shifts in the cycles of nutrients. Monitoring these changes is a central part of the NSF Arctic Observing Network (AON), a consortium of projects with site-specific responsibilities and measurement packages. The next frontier for AON is facilitation of approaches that better quantify landscape and regional eco-hydrological process by employing new analytical technologies (laser spectroscopy based water isotope analyzers) and integration of platforms, such as aircraft and satellites. This transformation of AON will initiate studies that quantify and integrate the heterogeneous landscapes of the Arctic tundra, while developing parallel capabilities to the NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network) program, thereby extending the relevance of AON to the continental-scale. We propose an EAGER project that applies a novel interdisciplinary approach by combining isotope geochemistry with boundary layer processes and measurements to monitor and measure the ecohydrology of tundra ecosystems and landscapes. This is a high-risk approach because it is a novel use of this particular instrument and it will change how Arctic ecohydrology is monitored and assessed. Our primary aim with this AON EAGER is to take the transformation step in our capacity to quantify hydrological processes at the landscape and region scale by: a) collaborating with Picarro Inc. (http://www.picarro.com/) in modifying the L2120-i for aircraft and thus landscape scale purposes and b) conducting a series of field/aircraft campaigns on the North Slope of Alaska. Our program would transform the measuring and monitoring of the terrestrial hydrological cycle beyond the point-based measurements of the past and that are currently in place with AON support at Imnaviat Creek. This project would also provide a critical linkage between AON and NEON as the Alaska network of sites are planned to come on-line in 2013. Landscape-scale monitoring is critical for stitching together the intricacies of the changing ecohydrolgy in the north.