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Leptospirosis in California sea lions: Population impacts and persistence in a long-term study of infectious disease in marine mammals

加州海狮的钩端螺旋体病：海洋哺乳动物传染病长期研究中的种群影响和持续性

基本信息

批准号：
1335657
负责人：
James Lloyd-Smith
金额：
$ 140万
依托单位：
University of California-Los Angeles
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-08-01 至 2019-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1335657&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Leptospirosis California sea lions Population

项目摘要

Despite increasingly stark evidence that infectious diseases have dramatic effects on marine ecosystems, research on disease ecology in marine systems has lagged behind that in terrestrial systems. There is a particular need for long-term case studies, with quantitatively accurate data and well-characterized biology, to enable research into how oceanographic processes affect pathogen spread and how disease impacts will be altered by climate change. This unique project will carry out an integrated field, clinical, laboratory and modeling research approach to establish a case study for the dynamics of Leptospira interrogans in California sea lions (CSL; Zalophus californianus). Leptospirosis has caused recurrent seasonal outbreaks in CSL since at least 1984, resulting in major disease outbreaks every 3-4 years. The PIs will investigate the quantitative impact of leptospirosis on CSL population dynamics and the mechanism that has enabled L. interrogans to persist in the CSL population over the past three decades. The project will answer the following hypotheses: 1. Data from stranded CSL provide quantitative information on long-term dynamics of L. interrogans prevalence in the free-ranging population, 2. L. interrogans impacts CSL population dynamics by infecting more than 20% of the CSL population during disease outbreaks, and killing 1-2% of infected CSL. The project will use this data to develop a mathematical model that integrates immunological and stranding data, which will then allow for predictions of the fraction of the CSL population that is infected each year, 3. L. interrogans is persistent in the CSL population, and the mechanism of persistence involves a chronic asymptomatic carrier state and subsequent shedding of L. interrogans by individual CSL. A longstanding puzzle concerns how the pathogen persists in the 6-8 month interval between outbreaks. The PIs will conduct a pathology study to determine whether CSL can become chronic carriers of L. interrogans, and will also sample free-ranging CSL individuals when disease outbreaks are not occurring to search for asymptomatic shedders. This project will establish the L. interrogans/CSL system as a unique and powerful case study for infectious disease in marine mammals, enabling subsequent research into impacts of climate change and connections to the broader coastal ecosystem.The broader impacts of this study will involve training graduate, veterinary, and postdoctoral students in interdisciplinary science. Outreach and involvement of underrepresented groups will be facilitated by a partnership with a UCLA program to engage minority and life-challenged undergraduates by making videos about the research for classroom and online viewing. Findings will be communicated using visitor center tours and mobile K-12 programs reaching 130,000 people per year. Finally, the research will inform reservoir control for leptospirosis worldwide and the results will be shared with environmental and health researchers and policymakers via the PIs leadership positions in the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and other professional associations.

尽管越来越多的证据表明传染病对海洋生态系统产生巨大影响，但海洋系统疾病生态学的研究却落后于陆地系统。特别需要进行长期个案研究，提供准确的定量数据和明确的生物学特征，以便研究海洋过程如何影响病原体传播，以及气候变化如何改变疾病的影响。这个独特的项目将进行综合的现场，临床，实验室和建模研究方法，以建立一个案例研究的钩端螺旋体问号在加州海狮（CSL; Zalophus californianus）的动态。至少自1984年以来，钩端螺旋体病在CSL中引起反复的季节性暴发，导致每3-4年发生一次重大疾病暴发。PI将研究钩端螺旋体病对CSL种群动态的定量影响以及使L。在过去的三十年中，CSL人群中的问号持续存在。该项目将回答以下假设：1。搁浅CSL的数据提供了L.在自由放养的人群中的问号流行率，2. L.问号线虫通过在疾病爆发期间感染超过20%的CSL群体并杀死1-2%的感染的CSL来影响CSL群体动态。该项目将利用这些数据开发一个数学模型，该模型将免疫学和搁浅数据整合在一起，然后可以预测每年感染的CSL人群比例。L.问号线虫在CSL人群中持续存在，持续存在的机制涉及慢性无症状携带状态和随后的L.个人CSL的提问。一个长期存在的难题是病原体如何在爆发之间的6-8个月间隔内持续存在。PI将进行病理学研究，以确定CSL是否会成为L的慢性携带者。在疾病未爆发时，还将对散养的CSL个体进行采样，以寻找无症状的散毒者。该项目将建立L。interrogans/CSL系统作为海洋哺乳动物传染病的一个独特而强大的案例研究，使后续研究气候变化的影响和连接到更广泛的沿海生态系统。这项研究的更广泛的影响将涉及培训研究生，兽医和博士后学生在跨学科科学。与加州大学洛杉矶分校的一个项目建立伙伴关系，通过制作有关课堂和在线观看研究的视频，促进代表性不足群体的外联和参与，以吸引少数民族和生活困难的本科生。调查结果将通过游客中心图尔斯之旅和移动的K-12项目进行交流，每年有13万人参加。最后，该研究将为全球钩端螺旋体病的水库控制提供信息，其结果将通过美国海洋哺乳动物委员会和其他专业协会的PI领导职位与环境和健康研究人员和政策制定者分享。