COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Particle-mediated enhanced transport of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environments

合作研究：颗粒介导增强室内环境中半挥发性有机化合物的运输

• 批准号: 1336202
• 负责人: Jennifer Benning
• 金额: $ 16.13万
• 依托单位: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1336202&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Particle; mediated; enhanced

CBET 1336807/1335722/1336202Glenn Morrison/Jennifer Benning/John LittleMissouri University of Science & Technology/So Dak School of Mines/ Tech/VA Polytechnic Inst & St. Univ.Occupants of buildings are exposed to toxic chemicals from the vast number of modern building products and furnishings that continuously release these compounds. Occupants absorb semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) such as plasticizers, pesticides, flame-retardants, and others through inhaling, eating, drinking and even by absorbing them through the skin. The presence of airborne particles in the indoor environment from smog, cooking, smoking and other sources may dramatically increase dermal absorption for these compounds. This research will test the hypothesis that airborne particles increase chemical emission rates from sources of SVOCs and deposition of these chemicals onto surfaces such as skin and clothing by altering the way these chemicals are transported from surface-to-surface. A theoretical model of this system predicts as much as a 10-fold increase in the rate of transport from indoor surfaces and materials to occupants, thereby increasing inhalation and dermal (skin) dose. This occurs because particles can absorb and release very large amounts of SVOCs as they move in and out of regions near surfaces. The proposed research will carefully combine experimental quantification of relevant parameters (partition and transport phenomena) with model analysis. Under realistic environmental conditions, organic and salt particles will be equilibrated with a pure SVOC (phthalate esters, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls) and the gas-phase deposition rates will be measured for flat plate and tubular geometries. The results will be used to test theoretical models of particle-mediated enhanced emissions and uptake. Further, experimental results and mass-transfer models will be integrated into indoor air quality models to improve predictions of exposure, dose and risk to indoor sources of SVOCs. The research team will integrate undergraduate and graduate students in field collection of samples, model analysis and exposure predictions. Their experiences will inform the development of a student-vetted educational module on SVOCs which will be disseminated through the Association for Environmental Engineering and Science Professors.Building occupants can absorb toxic plasticizers, pesticides, flame-retardants, and others chemicals through inhalation, consumption of food and beverages, and even absorption through the skin. This research examines the extent to which airborne particles in the indoor environment from smog, cooking, smoking and other sources may dramatically increase absorption for these compounds. Although this possibility has been predicted by a recent theoretical model, this project will be the first to test the model experimentally and under real-world conditions. This new knowledge will provide health professionals with tools to better understand and predict exposure and risk associated with low-volatility chemicals in a wide range of environmental scenarios. The results will help to better understand and mitigate the health risks of high-particulate environments that result from activities such as smoking and cooking. The research will also help manufacturers reformulate products such as building materials by identifying those chemicals that should be avoided.

CBET 1336807/1335722/1336202Glenn Morrison/Jennifer Benning/John Little 密苏里科技大学/So Dak 矿业学院/Tech/VA Polytechnic Inst & St. Univ. 建筑物的居住者暴露于大量现代建筑产品和家具中不断释放这些化合物的有毒化学物质。乘员通过吸入、饮食甚至皮肤吸收，吸收增塑剂、杀虫剂、阻燃剂等半挥发性有机化合物（SVOC）。室内环境中烟雾、烹饪、吸烟和其他来源产生的空气颗粒的存在可能会显着增加皮肤对这些化合物的吸收。这项研究将检验这样一个假设：空气中的颗粒通过改变这些化学物质从表面到表面的传输方式，增加了 SVOC 源的化学排放率，并增加了这些化学物质在皮肤和衣服等表面上的沉积。该系统的理论模型预测，从室内表面和材料到居住者的传输速率将增加 10 倍，从而增加吸入和皮肤剂量。发生这种情况是因为颗粒在靠近表面的区域进出时会吸收和释放大量的 SVOC。 拟议的研究将仔细地将相关参数（分配和传输现象）的实验量化与模型分析结合起来。在现实环境条件下，有机和盐颗粒将与纯 SVOC（邻苯二甲酸酯、多溴二苯醚、多氯联苯）平衡，并且将测量平板和管状几何形状的气相沉积速率。结果将用于测试粒子介导的增强排放和吸收的理论模型。此外，实验结果和传质模型将被整合到室内空气质量模型中，以改进对室内 SVOC 源的暴露、剂量和风险的预测。研究团队将整合本科生和研究生进行现场样本采集、模型分析和暴露预测。他们的经验将为学生审查的 SVOC 教育模块的开发提供参考，该模块将通过环境工程与科学教授协会进行传播。建筑物居住者可以通过吸入、食用食物和饮料，甚至通过皮肤吸收来吸收有毒增塑剂、杀虫剂、阻燃剂和其他化学品。这项研究调查了室内环境中烟雾、烹饪、吸烟和其他来源的空气颗粒可能在多大程度上显着增加这些化合物的吸收。尽管最近的理论模型已经预测了这种可能性，但该项目将是第一个在现实条件下通过实验测试该模型的项目。这些新知识将为卫生专业人员提供工具，以更好地了解和预测各种环境场景中与低挥发性化学品相关的暴露和风险。研究结果将有助于更好地了解和减轻吸烟和烹饪等活动造成的高颗粒环境的健康风险。该研究还将通过确定应避免使用的化学品来帮助制造商重新配制建筑材料等产品。