ELT Collaborative Research: Beyond the boring billion: Late Proterozoic glaciation, oxygenation and the proliferation of complex life

ELT合作研究：超越枯燥的十亿人：晚元古代冰川、氧气和复杂生命的增殖。加利福尼亚州，河滨，EAR-1338299达特茅斯学院，尼古拉斯·普兰夫斯基，EAR-1338208克里斯托弗·莱因哈德，佐治亚理工学院，EAR-1338290ABSTRACT地球历史的中期篇章，大约在18亿到8亿年前，被定义为海洋和大气中普遍较低但持续的氧气水平的非凡稳定性，并在10亿年内扼杀了早期生物的发展。这个循环是如何以及何时被打破的，这是地球生命史上的核心悬而未决的问题之一。最终上升到更高的氧气水平和最终动物的出现通常与历史上最极端的气候事件和造山事件相对应，所有这些事件和过程之间的时间和因果关系是研究的前沿。为此，我们将为澳大利亚和加拿大北极地区直接沉积的岩石建立一个异常全面的化学数据集，这些岩石在稳定的“枯燥”10亿美元和随后的主要里程碑之间的过渡期间直接沉积。7亿到8亿年前全球范围的冰川开始，无疑是地球历史上最戏剧性的环境转变之一，真核生物的总体同步辐射，比它们的微生物祖先更复杂，动物的出现是生命漫长历史中最引人注目的进化事件之一。拟议的多学科团队将阐明这些关键事件的发生时间及其与地球氧合作用的可能联系，同时探索生物创新、氧气和全球范围冰川开始之间的因果关系。这项研究的全面影响将远远超出内在的科学价值，包括为所有三所大学的不同本科生群体提供高水平的研究机会。我们还将通过赞助科学博览会项目和通过对新的河滨STEM学院的许多不同贡献来接触社区，包括组织一系列讲座，将著名科学家和工程师带入学校。这项研究还包括为研究生提供协作指导的计划，包括学生交流，这是两名新教授早期职业生涯中的重要一步。

ELT Collaborative Research: Beyond the Boring Billion: Late Proterozoic Glaciation, Oxygenation and the Proliferation of Complex LifebyTimothy Lyons, Univ. California, Riverside, EAR-1338299Nicholas Planavsky, Dartmouth College, EAR-1338208Christopher Reinhard, Georgia Tech, EAR-1338290ABSTRACTThe middle chapters in Earth's history, roughly 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago, were defined by remarkable stability in generally low but persistent oxygen levels in the ocean and atmosphere and stifled development of early organisms for a billion years. How and when this cycle was broken are among the central unanswered questions in the history of life on Earth. The eventual rise to higher oxygen levels and ultimately the appearance of animals correspond generally with history's most extreme climatic events and mountain building episodes, and the timing and cause-and-effect relationships among all these events and processes are frontiers ripe for study. To this end, we will construct an unusually comprehensive chemical data set for rocks from Australia and Arctic Canada deposited directly within the transition between the stable 'boring' billion and the major milestones that followed. The onset of global-scale glaciation 0.7 to 0.8 billion years ago is without question one of the most dramatic environmental transitions in Earth history, and the generally synchronous radiation of eukaryotic organisms, with greater complexity than their microbial ancestors, and the emergence of animals are among the most remarkable evolutionary events in the long history of life. The proposed multidisciplinary team will illuminate the timing of these key events and their likely links to Earth's oxygenation, while probing the cause-and-effect relationships among biological innovation, oxygen, and the onset of global-scale glaciation. The study's full range of impacts will reach far beyond the intrinsic scientific merit, including high-level research opportunities for the diverse undergraduate populations at all three institutions. We will also reach out into the community through sponsorship of science fair projects and through many different contributions to the new Riverside STEM Academy, including organization of a lecture series that will bring prominent scientists and engineers into the school. The study also includes plans for collaborative mentoring of graduate students, including student exchanges, and is an important step in the early careers of two new professors.