ELT Collaborative Research: Perturbation of the Marine Food Web and Extinction During the Oceanic Anoxic Event at the Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary

ELT合作研究：在塞诺马尼亚/图罗尼亚边界的海洋缺氧事件期间海洋食物网的扰动和灭绝，作者：Timothy Bralowe，宾夕法尼亚州立大学，EAR-1338316 Bradley Sageman，西北大学，EAR-1338312R。马克·莱基，大学。马萨诸塞州，阿默斯特，EAR-1338317胡里奥·塞普尔韦达，麻省理工学院，EAR-1338318 EAR-1338318由于气候变暖和污染，在墨西哥湾等地，缺氧水域的扩大，即所谓的缺氧，正在季节性地发生。低氧可通过丧失栖息地、改变捕食者-猎物动态以及初级生产所需的营养物质来影响所有海洋生物。人为二氧化碳的输入导致的海洋酸化已经影响了许多生物生长贝壳的能力。地质记录包含了一系列自然实验，使我们能够解决生物群对海洋酸化和普遍的缺氧症的生物反应。塞诺马尼亚-图罗尼亚边界(9400万年前白垩纪中期)是一个以大规模灭绝为标志的时间间隔，也以全球缺氧和可能的海洋酸化为特征。因此，塞诺马尼亚-图罗尼亚边界是人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的一个极好的古代模式。这是一个极好的机会，可以在美国西部内海西部和南部边缘露出的岩石中探索Cenomania-Turonia边界期间缺氧和海洋酸化的影响。在犹他州，岩石中含有原始的菊石文石和大型海洋爬行动物的遗骸。在德克萨斯州，英国石油公司已经提供了一个独特的核心和独家通道，可以进入露头部分。对露出地面的岩石进行反向挖掘将挖掘出适合于使用地质替代物重建古代环境条件的原始化石贝壳，取心将提供可以研究的岩石，以确定几个世纪以来发生的变化。从CTB获得的洞察力可以应用于地球历史上其他生物剧变时期，并将有助于改进对包括缺氧和海洋酸化在内的人类活动对现代生态系统影响的预测。

ELT Collaborative Research: Perturbation of the Marine Food Web andExtinction during the Oceanic Anoxic Event at the Cenomanian/TuronianBoundarybyTimothy Bralower, Penn State University, EAR-1338316Bradley Sageman, Northwestern University, EAR-1338312R. Mark Leckie, Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, EAR-1338317Julio Sepulveda, MIT, EAR-1338318ABSTRACTThe expansion of oxygen-deficient waters, known as hypoxia, is occurring seasonally in places such as the Gulf of Mexico as a result of warming and pollution. Hypoxia can affect all marine organisms through the loss of habitat, changes in predator-prey dynamics, and availability of nutrients for primary production. Ocean acidification resulting from the input of anthropogenic CO2 is already impacting the ability of many organisms to grow shells. The geological record contains a series of natural experiments that allow us to address the biological response of the biota to ocean acidification and widespread oxygen deficiency. The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (94 million years ago in the middle of the Cretaceous Period), a time interval marked by mass extinction, was also characterized by global oxygen deficiency and likely ocean acidification. Thus, the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary is an excellent ancient model for the impact of anthropogenic activities on marine ecosystems. A superb opportunity exits to explore the impact of oxygen deficiency and ocean acidification during the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in rock outcrops from the western and southern margins of the US Western Interior Seaway. In Utah, rocks contain original ammonite aragonite as well as remains of large marine reptiles. In Texas, British Petroleum has made available a unique core and exclusive access to outcrop sections. Back-hoeing of rock outcrops will unearth pristine fossil shells suitable for reconstruction of ancient environmental conditions using geological proxies, and coring will provide rocks that can be studied to determine changes that took place over centuries. The insight gained from the CTB can be applied to other intervals of biotic upheaval in Earth history and will help improve projections of the impacts of human activities, including hypoxia and ocean acidification, on modern ecosystems.