Earth-Life Transitions: Linked geochemical/biotic response to massive volcanic CO2 injection during the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction

地球-生命转变：三叠纪-侏罗纪大规模灭绝期间大量火山二氧化碳注入的地球化学/生物反应

• 批准号: 1338329
• 负责人: Frank Corsetti
• 金额: $ 100万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1338329&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Earth; Life; Transitions; Linked; geochemical

Atmospheric CO2 rise is one of the most pressing societal and scientific issues, but future projections ofsystem behavior often rely heavily on models rather than data. Earth underwent a very relevant analogexperiment 200 million years ago, and this project seeks to learn and abstract from that experiment. TheCO2 release associated with the Triassic-Jurassic (T-J) boundary is estimated to have risen at a ratecomparable to the present-day (as a result of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism, CAMP),and tellingly, it was associated with a mass extinction. Notably, representatives of the fauna that inhabitstoday's seas, the so-called modern fauna were preferentially negatively affected by the T-J event versus other mass extinctions, making the T-J perhaps the most relevant mass extinction with respect to the present-day impact of high CO2 levels on the biosystem. The T-J event is arguably the least studied of the mass extinctions that frame the Mesozoic, and itrepresents an underutilized opportunity to investigate a geologically rapid injection of CO2 into the Earthsystem. The results of this CO2 pulse are quantifiable, and will serve to establish new models of systemresponse to punctuated perturbations. The PIs believe that using novel geochemical tracers forweathering and redox, coupled with biofacies analysis, will result in a paradigm shift in our knowledge ofsuch an event. The proxies will inform a novel model that links a solid Earth model, carbon cycle model,and ecological model. This project will help to elucidate the details of the most significant mass extinctionto affect the modern fauna. Moreover, the new models developed for the T-J event will have relevance forother mass extinctions, including the ongoing Anthropocene event.

大气CO2上升是最紧迫的社会和科学问题之一，但未来对系统行为的预测往往严重依赖于模型而不是数据。地球在2亿年前经历了一个非常相关的类比实验，这个项目试图从那个实验中学习和提取。据估计，与三叠纪-侏罗纪（T-J）边界相关的二氧化碳释放量以与今天相当的速度上升（由于中大西洋岩浆区火山活动，CAMP），并且很明显，它与大规模灭绝有关。值得注意的是，今天生活在海洋中的动物群的代表，即所谓的现代动物群，与其他大规模灭绝相比，优先受到T-J事件的负面影响，使T-J事件可能是与当今高CO2水平对生物系统的影响最相关的大规模灭绝。可以说，T-J事件是中生代大规模喷发中研究得最少的一次，它代表了一个未充分利用的机会来研究地质学上快速注入地球系统的CO2。这种CO2脉冲的结果是可量化的，并将有助于建立新的模型的systemresponse间断扰动。PI认为，使用新的地球化学示踪剂风化和氧化还原，加上生物相分析，将导致一个范式转变，在我们的知识这样的事件。这些代理将为一个新的模型提供信息，该模型将固体地球模型，碳循环模型和生态模型联系起来。该项目将有助于阐明影响现代动物群的最重要的大规模灭绝的细节。此外，为T-J事件开发的新模型将与其他大规模爆发相关，包括正在进行的人类世事件。