Mechanisms of Willed Attention

有意注意的机制

• 批准号: 1339049
• 负责人: George Mangun
• 金额: $ 53.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1339049&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanisms; Willed; Attention

Paying attention to the world around us, deciding what to attend to and what to ignore, is a fundamental human ability. It affects how we perceive ourselves and our place in the environment. Deciding what to pay attention to is a critical component of everyday functioning. Two people viewing the same scene, such as a busy intersection, may have different perceptions and impressions about what is taking place. One may attend to the traffic cop waving her arms and directing traffic, while another looking in the same direction may attend to the bicycle that narrowly misses a racing taxicab.The present program of research will focus on the willful direction of attention (what one chooses to attend to). The research aims to establish the neural correlates of voluntary attention in humans, by using simple laboratory tests, advanced methods to record and analyze human brain activity, and novel signal processing of the brain's electrical signals. Such information will inform us not only about how the normal healthy attention system operates, but also how it breaks down in cases of overload, disease, and brain damage.

关注我们周围的世界，决定关注什么，忽略什么，是人类的基本能力。它影响我们如何看待自己和我们在环境中的位置。决定关注什么是日常运作的关键组成部分。两个人观看相同的场景，例如忙碌的十字路口，可能对正在发生的事情有不同的感知和印象。一个人可能会注意到挥舞着手臂指挥交通的交通警察，而另一个人则可能会注意到一辆险些撞上赛车的自行车，目前的研究计划将集中在注意力的故意方向（一个人选择注意什么）上。该研究旨在通过使用简单的实验室测试，先进的方法来记录和分析人类大脑活动，以及大脑电信号的新信号处理来建立人类自愿注意力的神经相关性。这些信息不仅可以告诉我们正常的健康注意力系统是如何运作的，还可以告诉我们在超负荷、疾病和脑损伤的情况下，它是如何崩溃的。