Collaborative Research: RINGS - RISR INvestigation of the Geospace System

将对高纬度地球空间系统进行多仪器合作调查，这是由于完成了Resolute Bay非相干散射雷达RISR-N和RISR-C，这是有史以来第一次部署到地磁极区的ISR。RISR-N的初步结果揭示了一个意想不到的结构和动态等离子体环境。为了理解这些新的测量结果并充分利用这种新的诊断能力，提出了一项实验活动，该活动将综合RISR观测与来自并置光学传感器的数据（法布里-珀罗干涉仪和光学中间层热层成像仪）、PolarDARN HF（高频）雷达、THEMIS和NORSTAR照相机网络以及全球ISR网络（特别是Sondrestrom、扑克牌平板非相干散射雷达（PFISR）和欧洲非相干散射雷达（EISCAT））。该项目将利用RISR提供的新诊断信息，促进高纬度地球空间系统的合作研究。研究的指导性问题来自于这种系统观：1。是什么决定了等离子体密度斑的内部结构和高频传播特性？2.极光过程如何影响极地电离层的结构和组成，以及在全球范围内的影响是什么？3.在极纬等离子体和中性气体之间的重要相互作用是什么？4.上述过程如何控制等离子体在高纬通量管上的分布？该项目将为建模者提供关于电离层边界的丰富信息，以提高我们对电离层边界的理解。等离子体结构机制的研究将对通信和全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号传播产生影响。等离子体中性相互作用的研究将揭示低层大气如何驱动全球地球空间系统。这项研究将通过8个机构的国际合作进行（4个来自美国，2名来自加拿大，2名来自日本）。该项目将有助于培训下一代的职业调查员，该团队将包括三名早期职业调查员。

A collaborative multi-instrument investigation of the high-latitude geospace system will be carried out, motivated by the completion of the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radars RISR-N and RISR-C, the first ever ISRs deployed to the geomagnetic polar regions. Initial results from RISR-N have revealed an unexpectedly structured and dynamic plasma environment. In order to understand these new measurements and to fully exploit this new diagnostic capability, an experimental campaign is proposed that will synthesize RISR observations with data from the collocated optical sensors (Fabry-Perot Interferometer and Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imager), the PolarDARN HF (high frequency) radars, the THEMIS and NORSTAR camera networks, and the global ISR network (in particular, Sondrestrom, the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR), and the European Incoherent Scatter Radar (EISCAT)). This project will leverage the new diagnostic information provided by RISR to foster collaborative studies of the high latitude geospace system. The guiding questions of the investigation arise from this systems view: 1. What governs the internal structure and HF propagation characteristics of plasma density patches? 2. How do auroral processes affect structure and composition of the polar ionosphere, and what are the global-scale implications? 3. What are the important interactions between the plasma and neutral gases at polar latitudes? 4. How do the aforementioned processes control the distribution of plasma on high-latitude flux tubes? This project will provide a wealth of information on the ionospheric boundary for modelers to enhance our understanding of the ionospheric boundary. The investigation of plasma structuring mechanisms will have implications for communications and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal propagation. The investigation of plasma-neutral interactions will shed light on how the lower atmosphere drives the global geospace system. The research will be carried out through an 8-institution international collaborative (4 from the U.S., 2 from Canada, 2 from Japan). The project will contribute to training the next generation of geophysicists, and the team will include three early career investigators.