Doctoral Dissertation Research: Hydration Strategies, Nutrition, and Health During Lifestyle Transitions

博士论文研究：生活方式转变期间的补水策略、营养和健康

• 批准号: 1341161
• 负责人: Susan Tanner
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1341161&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Hydration; Strategies

The search for safe water remains an important challenge in the 21st century as more than 1.1 billion people lack access to clean water. Globally, many populations are experiencing rapid economic and environmental change, including many in the South American Amazon region. While the social sciences emphasize that lifestyle transitions, or changes to dietary, economic, and cultural activities, affect health, disease patterns, and body composition, the role of dietary water use has been widely overlooked during these transitions. Hydration strategies, or how people meet their daily dietary water needs through a full spectrum of foods and liquids, may serve as dietary adaptations that balance nutrition and risk of infection. Lifestyle transitions may create a mismatch between hydration strategies and the nutritional landscape. This research will explain how hydration strategies are related to variation in hydration levels, pathogen exposure, and nutritional status among Tsimane' Amerindians in lowland Bolivia, where access to clean water is scarce.This study by doctoral candidate Asher Rosinger (University of Georgia), under the guidance of Dr. Susan Tanner, will collect dietary, anthropometric, ethnographic, and biological biomarker data to address the following aims: 1) Determine if differences in hydration strategies are associated with variation in hydration levels, water-related diseases and immune activation, and body composition; 2) Investigate how market participation is related to variation in hydration strategies; and 3) Document how people without access to clean water interact with their environment to meet their daily water needs.Responses to lifestyle transitions are critical to understand because they provide insight into past and future trends of human variation in nutrition and health. Because dietary hydration sources can expose people to pathogens but also provide calories, this research will provide insight into both diarrheal prevalence and the recent pattern of over-nutrition in Amazonia, information which can guide global health interventions. This study will inform water intake recommendations, which rely almost exclusively on data from industrialized countries. In addition to supporting the training and professional development of a US doctoral student, the project's results will be discussed with communities, turned into research posters to be disseminated to Tsimane' schools, and published in academic journals.

在21世纪，寻求安全用水仍然是一项重要挑战，因为超过11亿人无法获得清洁用水。在全球范围内，许多人口正在经历快速的经济和环境变化，其中包括南美洲亚马逊地区的许多人口。虽然社会科学强调生活方式的转变或饮食，经济和文化活动的变化会影响健康，疾病模式和身体成分，但在这些转变过程中，饮食用水的作用被广泛忽视。水化策略，或人们如何通过全方位的食物和液体满足日常饮食水需求，可以作为平衡营养和感染风险的饮食适应。生活方式的转变可能会造成水合策略和营养状况之间的不匹配。这项研究将解释水化策略如何与低地玻利维亚的Tsimane'美洲印第安人的水化水平，病原体暴露和营养状况的变化有关，因为那里的清洁水稀缺。（格鲁吉亚大学），在博士的指导下。苏珊坦纳，将收集饮食，人体测量，人种学和生物标志物数据，以解决以下目标：1）确定水合策略的差异是否与水合水平、与水有关的疾病和免疫激活以及身体成分的变化相关; 2）调查市场参与如何与水合策略的变化相关;和3）记录无法获得清洁水的人们如何与环境相互作用以满足其日常用水需求。对生活方式转变的反应至关重要，因为它们提供了对人类营养和健康变化的过去和未来趋势的深入了解。由于饮食中的水化来源会使人们接触病原体，但也会提供热量，因此这项研究将深入了解亚马逊地区的疟疾流行率和最近的营养过剩模式，这些信息可以指导全球卫生干预措施。这项研究将为饮水建议提供信息，这些建议几乎完全依赖工业化国家的数据。除了支持美国博士生的培训和专业发展外，该项目的结果将与社区讨论，变成研究海报，分发给Tsimane的学校，并在学术期刊上发表。