Bering Strait Socio-economic Organization, ca.2000-200 BP: A View from Port Clarence

白令海峡社会经济组织，距今 2000-200 年：克拉伦斯港景观

• 批准号: 1341881
• 负责人: Shelby Anderson
• 金额: $ 12.69万
• 依托单位: Portland State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-15 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1341881&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Bering; Strait; Socio; economic; Organization

This is an EAGER proposal to support archaeological excavation and analysis of an ancient site at Point Spencer, Alaska, near the former US Coast Guard (USCG) station. This research is appropriate for EAGER funding because of its application of new techniques and the potential for discovery of new information. In addition, the project has an element of urgency to it because of subsistence/illegal digging that has increased at the site location following the departure of the USCG. More than 50 years ago Helge Larsen recognized the importance of the stratified Ipiutak and Neoeskimo deposits at the Point Spencer site, located on the Bering Sea coast of northern Alaska. In the late 1940s, Larsen and Charles Lucier investigated this extensive village site as part of a larger effort to explain western Alaskan prehistory. With intact stratified deposits dated across the Ipiutak-Neoeskimo transition and good organic preservation, Larsen and Lucier recognized the potential of Point Spencer to address key questions about socio-economic change over the last 2000 years. Despite this potential, no research has taken place at the site in the intervening years. The research proposed here involves excavation at Point Spencer to address questions about socio-economic organization during this period of significant cultural change. Changing diet, subsistence practices, environmental change, and engagement with regional social and economic systems are factors archaeologists point to in explaining the development and spread of the Neoeskimo tradition across the North American Arctic. Yet these ideas remain largely untested with new archaeological data. This research will address these questions through data recovery and survey in the Port Clarence region of northern Alaska. Illegal digging at Point Spencer brings both urgency and risk to the proposed project. In 2010, it was estimated that approximately 40 acres of the site were disturbed, with more than 70 pits or disturbed areas created by illegal digging. Much of this digging took place in 2010 when the USCG withdrew from their station near the site. Aerial surveys indicate that similar illegal digging activities are taking place at other archaeological sites around the Port Clarence region. Research goals include: 1) establishing the local chronology, 2) investigating mobility and settlement patterns both locally and regionally, 3) studying subsistence activities and diet, 4) reconstructing local landscape history, and 5) evaluating the scope of illegal digging activities at the site and develop a framework for collaboratively addressing this problem with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and local communities. Methods include excavation, radiocarbon dating, spatial data analysis, ceramic sourcing, artifact analysis, residue analysis of soils and ceramics, faunal analysis, study of cooking/processing features, and geoarchaeology.

这是一个EAGER的建议，以支持考古发掘和分析的一个古老的网站在点斯宾塞，阿拉斯加，附近的前美国海岸警卫队（USCG）站。这项研究适合EAGER基金，因为它应用了新技术和发现新信息的潜力。 此外，该项目具有紧迫性，因为在USCG离开后，现场的生存/非法挖掘有所增加。50多年前，Helge Larsen认识到位于阿拉斯加北方白令海海岸的Point Spencer遗址的分层Ipiutak和Neoeskimo矿床的重要性。在20世纪40年代后期，拉森和查尔斯·卢西尔调查了这个广泛的村庄遗址，作为解释阿拉斯加西部史前史的更大努力的一部分。由于完整的分层沉积物跨越了Ipiutak-Neoeskimo过渡带，并且有机物保存良好，Larsen和Lucier认识到Point Spencer有潜力解决过去2000年来社会经济变化的关键问题。尽管有这种潜力，但在这期间的几年里，没有在该地点进行任何研究。这里提出的研究涉及挖掘点斯宾塞解决社会经济组织在这一时期的重大文化变革的问题。改变饮食，生存方式，环境变化以及与区域社会和经济系统的接触是考古学家在解释新爱斯基摩传统在北美北极地区的发展和传播时所指出的因素。然而，这些想法在很大程度上还没有得到新的考古数据的检验。本研究将通过对阿拉斯加北方克拉伦斯港地区的数据恢复和调查来解决这些问题。斯宾塞角的非法挖掘给拟议中的项目带来了紧迫性和风险。2010年，据估计约有40英亩的场地受到干扰，非法挖掘造成了70多个坑或干扰区。大部分挖掘工作发生在2010年，当时USCG从现场附近的车站撤出。空中调查表明，在克拉伦斯港地区的其他考古遗址也发生了类似的非法挖掘活动。研究目标包括：1）建立当地年表，2）调查当地和区域的流动性和定居模式，3）研究生存活动和饮食，4）重建当地景观历史，5）评估现场非法挖掘活动的范围，并与土地管理局（BLM）和当地社区合作解决这个问题。方法包括挖掘、放射性碳测年、空间数据分析、陶瓷采购、文物分析、土壤和陶瓷残留物分析、动物群分析、烹饪/加工特征研究和地质考古学。