BERING STRAIT 2022-2026: Quantifying status and change in Pacific-to-Arctic physical/biogeochemical oceanic fluxes, a central part of the Arctic Observing Network

白令海峡2022-2026：量化太平洋至北极物理/生物地球化学海洋通量的现状和变化，这是北极观测网络的核心部分

• 批准号: 2153942
• 负责人: Rebecca Woodgate
• 金额: $ 302.46万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2153942&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BERING; STRAIT; 2022; 2026; Quantifying

The ~50m deep, 85km wide Bering Strait is the only connection between the Pacific and Arctic Oceans. The generally northward flow through the strait is a key source of oceanic heat, freshwater, and nutrients for the Arctic, influencing the upper ~200m of roughly half of the Arctic Ocean. This provides both a stratified upper ocean layer, which protects sea-ice from deeper and warmer Atlantic origin waters, and a major source of nutrients which fuel Arctic ecosystems. Oceanic heat carried northward through the strait acts as a trigger for western Arctic sea-ice melt and is the best predictor of sea-ice retreat date in the Chukchi Sea, the highly productive, shallow sea immediately north of the strait. The freshness of the flow may influence ocean circulation as far away as the Atlantic Ocean. To understand and quantify how the climate and ecosystems of the Arctic Ocean and the Alaskan Arctic seas are changing, and how those changes relate to the rest of the globe, observations are needed to quantify the changing properties of the flow through the Bering Strait. Year-round oceanographic measurements in the strait (from moorings, i.e., instruments moored to the sea-floor) started in 1990 and show the flow is increasing in strength and temperature, and freshening dramatically in winter. These changes are believed to have significant effects on the Arctic and beyond. Additionally, satellite studies, which are indicating large increases at the base of the Arctic food chain, suggest an increased nutrient flux from the Pacific Ocean through the strait. However, to date, no year-round or interannual measurements of nutrient flow through the Bering Strait exist to test this idea. Since moorings are still the only viable way of measuring seasonal and interannual change in the Bering Strait, this project supports: four years of moorings, measuring physical properties such as flow, temperature, salinity, sea-ice; biogeochemical properties including nutrient content and measures of biological activity; and accompanying analysis and outreach efforts. The latter include making data products and results available to science, public, and industry communities as well as bringing Bering Strait and Arctic science to the general public, university students, and schools, including Bering Strait communities and public and Hispanic/Latino-dominated schools in Seattle WA.From September 2022 to September 2026, three year-round moorings will be deployed in the US waters of the Bering Strait region, supported by annual ship-based servicing, and accompanying hydrographic surveys in the Bering Strait and southern Chukchi Sea. Hourly mooring measurements will be used to compute water properties, and fluxes of heat, freshwater, and nitrate into the Arctic. These in situ measurements will be combined with satellite data, numerical weather prediction model data, and verified Arctic model results to investigate causes of change in the throughflow, and to understand and quantify transformations in the Chukchi Sea, thus giving a better estimation of the forcings of the Bering Strait throughflow directly on the Arctic Ocean. The project aims to obtain the Bering Strait’s first year-round measurements of nitrate, the key limiting nutrient of the region, and, by extending the longest in situ physical instrument record from the Arctic Ocean, give a multidecadal measure of change in this key Arctic gateway.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

白令海峡深约50米，宽约85公里，是连接太平洋和北冰洋的唯一通道。通过海峡的总体向北流动是北极海洋热量、淡水和营养物质的主要来源，影响了大约一半北冰洋的上部~ 200米。这既提供了一个分层的上层海洋层，保护海冰不受更深和更温暖的大西洋沃茨的影响，也提供了一个营养物质的主要来源，为北极生态系统提供了燃料。通过海峡向北输送的海洋热量是北极西部海冰融化的触发因素，也是楚科奇海海冰退缩日期的最佳预测因素，楚科奇海是海峡以北的高产浅海。洋流的新鲜度可能会影响远至大西洋的海洋环流。为了了解和量化北冰洋和阿拉斯加北冰洋的气候和生态系统如何变化，以及这些变化与地球仪其他部分的关系，需要进行观测，以量化白令海峡水流的变化特性。海峡全年海洋学测量（系泊，即，在1990年开始的一次观测中，观测人员（系泊在海底的仪器）发现，洋流的强度和温度都在增加，冬季的洋流强度和温度都在急剧增加。这些变化被认为对北极和其他地区产生了重大影响。此外，卫星研究表明，北极食物链底部的营养物质大量增加，表明从太平洋通过海峡的营养物质流量增加。然而，到目前为止，还没有全年或年际的测量通过白令海峡的营养流存在，以测试这一想法。由于系泊仍然是测量白令海峡季节性和年际变化的唯一可行方法，该项目支持：四年系泊，测量流量、温度、盐度、海冰等物理特性;生物地球化学特性，包括营养物含量和生物活动测量;以及相应的分析和外联工作。后者包括向科学，公众和行业社区提供数据产品和结果，以及将白令海峡和北极科学带给公众，大学生和学校，包括白令海峡社区以及西雅图西澳的公立和西班牙裔/拉丁裔占主导地位的学校。在白令海峡地区的美国沃茨将部署三个全年系泊系统，并提供年度船基服务支持，同时在白令海峡和楚科奇海南部进行水文测量。每小时的系泊测量将用于计算水的性质，以及进入北极的热量、淡水和硝酸盐的通量。这些现场测量结果将与卫星数据、数值天气预报模型数据和经核实的北极模型结果相结合，以调查通流变化的原因，了解楚科奇海的变化并加以量化，从而更好地估计白令海峡通流直接对北冰洋的作用力。该项目旨在获得白令海峡硝酸盐的首次全年测量结果，硝酸盐是该地区的主要限制性营养物质，并通过延长北冰洋最长的现场物理仪器记录，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响进行评估，被认为值得支持审查标准。

项目成果

Pacific cod or tikhookeanskaya treska (Gadus macrocephalus) in the Chukchi Sea during recent warm years: Distribution by life stage and age-0 diet and condition

• DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2022.105241
• 发表时间: 2023-01-09
• 期刊: DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Cooper, Daniel W.;Cieciel, Kristin;Orlov, Alexei M.
• 通讯作者: Orlov, Alexei M.

Gateway to the arctic: Defining the eastern channel of the Bering Strait

通往北极的门户：定义白令海峡东部通道

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103052
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Progress in Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Zimmermann, Mark;Woodgate, Rebecca A.;Prescott, Megan M.
• 通讯作者: Prescott, Megan M.

Boundary Currents at the Northern Edge of the Chukchi Sea at 166°W

西经 166° 楚科奇海北缘边界流

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jc018997
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Li, Min;Pickart, Robert S.;Lin, Peigen;Woodgate, Rebecca A.;Wang, Guiyuan;Xie, Lingling
• 通讯作者: Xie, Lingling

Monitoring Alaskan Arctic Shelf Ecosystems Through Collaborative Observation Networks

通过协作观测网络监测阿拉斯加北极陆架生态系统

• DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2022.119
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Oceanography
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Danielson, Seth;Grebmeier, Jacqueline;Iken, Katrin;Berchok, Catherine;Britt, Lyle;Dunton, Kenneth;Eisner, Lisa;Farley, Edward;Fujiwara, Amane;Hauser, Donna
• 通讯作者: Hauser, Donna

Mooring Measurements of Anadyr Current Nitrate, Phosphate, and Silicate Enable Updated Bering Strait Nutrient Flux Estimates

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl098908
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: T. Hennon;S. Danielson;R. Woodgate;Brita Irving;D. Stockwell;C. Mordy