HCG: Epihybridity in Zea Mays

HCG：玉米中的超杂交

• 批准号: 1342475
• 负责人: Jay Hollick
• 金额: $ 2.2万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1342475&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HCG; Epihybridity; Zea; Mays

PI: Jay Hollick (Ohio State University)CoPI: William F. Tracy (University of Wisconsin - Madison)The general observation that hybrid offspring, in some manner or another, are larger than their parents is referred to as "hybrid vigor". Although this behavior serves to support much of the world's food supply, the biology behind this breeding behavior has remained remarkably intransient and the subject of much debate. The primary models accounting for hybrid vigor, and the reciprocal behavior of inbreeding depression, are based on the principles of Mendelian genetics. This project tests a novel model in which a form of non-Mendelian epigenetic inheritance contributes to these breeding behaviors. Epigenetic refers to heritable information that is adjunct to DNA, the widely recognized molecule of genetic transmission. "Epihybridity" is used here to describe that component of hybrid vigor attributable to dynamic changes in epigenetic sources of genomic, or epigenomic, variation. Field-based yield trials will be used to compare the extents of hybrid vigor and inbreeding depression occurring in normal corn (Zea mays) varieties versus derivatives in which the function of a specific molecule (RMR1) responsible for an RNA-based form of epigenetic inheritance is compromised. Primary studies indicate that RMR1 both enhances inbreeding depression and conditions parental genomes in ways that affect hybrid progeny traits. Using a high-resolution RNA sequencing approach, this project tests the idea that individual plants maintain unique RMR1-dependent small RNA populations and that hybrid progeny contain novel small RNA profiles that may specify gene expression patterns having complementary properties to growth and development. This project further uses an experimentally tractable example of hybrid vigor occurring at a single chromosome region responsible for producing plant pigments to identify specific DNA features that interface with this small RNA-based repression system. Understanding the nature of these features and this particular mechanism of eukaryotic genetics provides a novel perspective of RNA-based inheritance promising transformative impacts to the future of agriculture and human health.This project combines research groups from the Universities of Wisconsin (UW) and California (UCB), fostering scientific outreach across broad disciplines (epigenetics, genomics, and plant breeding) and providing education, scientific training and research experiences for a UCB graduate student, UW and UCB undergraduates, and high school students from the East Bay area. Minorities traditionally underrepresented in the sciences are engaged in these research activities through the support of existing high school and undergraduate programs promoting ethnic and socioeconomic diversity. The project will generate maize seed resources of potential interest to the hybrid seed industry [available from the project leader ([e-mail]) and from American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC)], and academic researchers [available from the project leader and from the Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center (http://www.uiuc.edu/ph/www/maize)]. Nucleic acid sequence resources including small RNA profiles and limited genomic DNA sequence from an A619 inbred line will be generated and available for download from NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) or through a genome browser interface provided by MaizeGDB (http://www.maizegdb.org/). Data from the field trials will be made available through MaizeGDB. A BAC library representing the A619 inbred line will be constructed and available for community dissemination at cost by contacting the project leader. This BAC resource will likely provide material for an eventual genome resequencing project.

PI：杰伊·霍利克（Jay Hollick）（俄亥俄州立大学）COPI：威廉·特雷西（William F.尽管这种行为有助于支持世界上大部分的粮食供应，但这种繁殖行为背后的生物学仍然存在着极大的不论和辩论的主题。占混合活力的主要模型以及近交抑郁症的相互行为是基于门德尔遗传学的原理。该项目测试了一种新型模型，其中一种非孟德尔表观遗传遗传形式有助于这些繁殖行为。表观遗传学是指DNA辅助的可遗传信息，DNA是广泛认识的遗传传播分子。这里使用“院”来描述杂种活力的成分，归因于基因组或表观基因组变异的表观遗传学源的动态变化。基于现场的产量试验将用于比较正常玉米（Zea mays）品种中发生的混合活力和近交抑郁症的范围，其中损害了特定分子（RMR1）的功能，负责基于RNA的表观遗传的特定分子（RMR1）的功能。基本研究表明，RMR1既可以增强近亲抑郁症，又以影响杂种后代性状的方式来调节父母的基因组。使用高分辨率的RNA测序方法，该项目测试了单个植物保持独特的RMR1依赖性的小RNA群体的想法，并且混合后代包含新型的小RNA谱，这些小型RNA谱可能会指定具有与生长和发育具有互补特性的基因表达模式。该项目进一步使用了一个可以实验障碍的杂种活力示例，该杂交活力发生在负责生产植物色素的单个染色体区域，以识别与这种基于RNA的小型抑制系统接口的特定DNA特征。 Understanding the nature of these features and this particular mechanism of eukaryotic genetics provides a novel perspective of RNA-based inheritance promising transformative impacts to the future of agriculture and human health.This project combines research groups from the Universities of Wisconsin (UW) and California (UCB), fostering scientific outreach across broad disciplines (epigenetics, genomics, and plant breeding) and providing education, scientific training and research UCB研究生，UW和UCB本科生以及来自东湾地区的高中生的经验。传统上，科学中的少数群体通过支持现有的高中和本科课程，从事这些研究活动，从而促进了种族和社会经济多样性。该项目将为混合种子行业（可从项目负责人（[e-mail]）获得潜在兴趣的玉米种子资源，并从美国组织培养物收藏（ATCC）和学术研究人员提供[从项目负责人和玉米遗传学合作中心（http://///wwwwwwwwwwwww.uiuc.eduuc.eduuc.eduuc.eduuc.edu/ph/ph/ph/ph/mamize提供）。核酸序列资源将生成来自A619 INBRED系的小RNA谱和有限的基因组DNA序列，并可从NCBI（http://wwwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/）下载，或通过MAIZEGDB（http：httb（httpp：htttp：htttp：htttp：amize）提供。现场试验的数据将通过玉米式涉及玉米。代表A619近交系列的BAC图书馆将通过与项目负责人联系，以成本为社区传播。该BAC资源可能会为最终的基因组重新配置项目提供材料。