Dimensions: Collaborative Research: Connecting the proximate mechanisms responsible for organismal diversity to the ultimate causes of latitudinal gradients in species richness.

维度：合作研究：将负责生物多样性的直接机制与物种丰富度纬度梯度的最终原因联系起来。

• 批准号: 1342790
• 负责人: Marcus Kronforst
• 金额: $ 34.64万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1342790&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; Collaborative; Research; Connecting; proximate

The latitudinal gradient in species diversity is one of the most striking biogeographic patterns in nature, with species richness peaking in equatorial regions for nearly all groups. Despite considerable effort to understand the origin and maintenance of latitudinal gradients in species diversity, a multitude of potentially interacting, non-mutually exclusive hypotheses exist, and no single over-riding explanation has emerged. However, multiple hypotheses link the latitudinal diversity gradient to a presumed gradient in the strength of biotic interactions between temperate and tropical environments. While biotic interactions are believed to play a major role in the origin and maintenance of diversity and may drive increased rates of adaptation and speciation in tropical regions, this hypothesis remains virtually untested. To bridge this gap, a comprehensive analysis of the evolutionary mechanisms underlying adaptive phenotypic variation in color, vision, and smell across a rapidly diversifying lineage of butterflies will be performed together with field-studies. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape temporal and spatial patterns of biodiversity is a central goal of biology, and an increasingly important facet of the endangered species management, particularly in a time of rapid global climate change. This proposal links biodiversity researchers across the US and Latin America, and will lead to sustained international collaboration; broadened access to STEM fields for women and minorities through targeted recruitment; substantial employment opportunities across institutions and countries; and an enhanced public understanding of biodiversity science and threats to global biodiversity.

物种多样性的纬度梯度是自然界中最显著的地理分布模式之一，几乎所有类群的物种丰富度都在赤道地区达到峰值。尽管相当大的努力，了解物种多样性的纬度梯度的起源和维护，许多潜在的相互作用，非相互排斥的假设存在，并没有一个压倒一切的解释出现。然而，多种假说将纬度多样性梯度与温带和热带环境之间生物相互作用强度的假定梯度联系起来。虽然生物相互作用被认为在多样性的起源和维持方面发挥着重要作用，并可能推动热带地区适应和物种形成的速度加快，但这一假设实际上尚未得到验证。为了弥合这一差距，将与实地研究一起进行全面的分析，在颜色，视觉和嗅觉的适应性表型变异的进化机制，在一个迅速多样化的蝴蝶谱系。 了解生物多样性时空格局形成的生态和进化过程是生物学的一个核心目标，也是濒危物种管理的一个日益重要的方面，特别是在全球气候迅速变化的时期。该提案将美国和拉丁美洲的生物多样性研究人员联系起来，并将导致持续的国际合作;通过有针对性的招聘扩大妇女和少数民族进入STEM领域的机会;机构和国家之间的大量就业机会;以及提高公众对生物多样性科学和全球生物多样性威胁的理解。