NEESR Planning/Collaborative Research: Toward Experimental Verification of Controllable Damping Strategies for Base Isolated Buildings

本研究的目标是：(a)利用日本国家地球科学与防灾研究所（NIED）的投资，允许对美国结构、隔离器和可控阻尼器的智能基础隔离进行大规模实验验证，并经受美国地面运动的影响，从而证明可控阻尼器在具有不同震级和频谱的各种地面运动以及受损结构中提供的稳健性能；这种适应性是传统的无源隔离装置无法实现的；(b)加快实时混合模拟实验技术的创新，以减少今后对大规模地震工程实验的依赖；(c)通过国际合作、基准研究和项目讲习班，使研究人员社区参与受控基础隔离研究。为了实现这些目标，本研究分为五个主要阶段：(1)设计、构建和测试待测隔震结构在NIED E-Defense振动台上的基线数值和小尺度实验模型；(2)推导出保证RTHS稳定条件的解析和数值方法，并充分发展利用RTHS物理部件局部化特性的计算技术，实现RTHS大规模数值模型的高效模拟；(3)参与E-Defense公司2015可控阻尼基础隔离实验，与日本合作者合作制定合适的控制策略，并协助他们解决实验中的挑战；(4)利用已经开发的模型和工具，以及康涅狄格大学RTHS全面电子防御测试的经验和数据，展示RTHS能力的进步；(5)通过设计和发布基于E-Defense和美国设计的结构的受控隔离基准研究，并通过研讨会征求社区对RTHS研究的工具和未来方向的反馈，与研究界接触。智能基础隔震是一种很有前途的抗震技术，它用可控的能量耗散装置补充建筑物的传统基础隔震层，从而在一系列不同的地震中提供地震保护。这种缓解技术现在已经准备好进行全面的实验验证和验证：位于日本三木的NIED E-Defense振动台设施的日本合作伙伴正计划在2015年对一个全面的基础隔离建筑进行实验，隔离层中有可控阻尼器，以减轻损伤和伤害，特别是对于强脉冲和长周期激励。全面的动态地震工程实验虽然对提高地震防护水平至关重要，但却受到有能力进行实验的设施较少和相关的高测试成本的限制。这些大规模的地震工程实验可以利用更广泛的实时混合模拟（RTHS），将关键部件的物理测试与剩余结构的基于物理的计算模型模拟相结合。RTHS必须校准到全尺寸结果以确保准确性（和可信度），必须能够实时适应对复杂结构的精确响应计算至关重要的大规模计算模型，并且必须保证稳定性和鲁棒性。这项研究将使地震减灾新技术和混合计算/实验工具成为可能，以补充和扩大大规模测试的适用性。建筑技术将通过在全尺寸物理和混合物理/虚拟实验中证明，可控阻尼装置可以显著减少地震期间建筑物的运动和损坏，并利用日本合作者已经计划好的实验来实现这一目标。此外，该项目将使计算工具能够支持这些现实大型建筑模型的网络物理实验，并确保结果准确。除了与日本研究人员合作之外，开发一项可控制的碱基隔离基准研究，使用根据全面实验结果校准的模型，这将使世界范围内的研究人员参与进来，通过多种替代控制策略扩大该项目的影响范围。研究结果将被纳入南加州大学和康涅狄格大学的研究生和本科生课程。将组建一个行业咨询小组，以确保实践工程师的知识为研究提供信息。研讨会将确保将产生的工具转移到混合模拟社区，以便其他人可以充分利用该项目的研究成果。该项目的数据将存档，并通过NEES数据储存库向公众提供。该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。

The goals of this research are: (a) to leverage the investment by the Japanese National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) to allow for large-scale experimental verification of smart base isolation for U.S. structures, isolators and controllable dampers, and subjected to U.S. ground motions, thereby demonstrating the robust performance provided by controllable dampers in a wide array of ground motions with diverse magnitudes and spectra, as well as with damaged structures; such adaptability is impossible with conventional passive isolation devices; (b) to accelerate innovations in real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) experimental techniques that can serve to reduce future reliance on large-scale earthquake engineering experiments, and (c) to engage a community of researchers to study controlled base isolation through international collaboration, a benchmark study, and a project workshop. To achieve these goals, this research has five main phases: (1) design, build and test baseline numerical and small-scale experimental models of the isolated structure to be tested on the NIED E-Defense shake table; (2) derive analytical and numerical approaches to guarantee the conditions of stability of RTHS, as well as fully develop the computational techniques that exploit the localized nature of the physical components in RTHS for highly efficient simulation of large-scale numerical models for RTHS; (3) participate in E-Defense's 2015 controllable damping base isolation experiment, working with Japanese collaborators to develop suitable control strategies and assist with the challenging aspects of their experiment; (4) use the models and tools already developed, and the experience and data from the full-scale E-Defense tests, in RTHS at the University of Connecticut to demonstrate the advances in RTHS capabilities; and (5) engage the research community by designing and releasing a benchmark study in controlled isolation based on the E-Defense and U.S.-designed structures, and by a workshop to solicit community feedback about the tools and future directions of RTHS studies. Smart base isolation is a promising seismic mitigation technique that supplements a building's conventional base isolation layer with controllable energy dissipation devices that allow for seismic protection over a range of different earthquakes. This mitigation technique is now ready for full-scale experimental verification and validation: Japanese collaborators at the NIED E-Defense shake table facility in Miki, Japan, are planning experiments in 2015 of a full-scale base isolated building with controllable dampers in the isolation layer to mitigate damage and injury, particularly for strong impulsive and long-period excitation. Full-scale dynamic earthquake engineering experiments, while vital for advancing seismic protection, are limited by the few facilities with the capacity to conduct the experiments and by the associated high cost of testing. These large-scale earthquake engineering experiments can be leveraged with a wider array of real-time hybrid simulations (RTHS), which combines physical testing of the critical components linked with physics-based computational model simulations of the remaining structure. RTHS must be calibrated to the full-scale results to ensure accuracy (and credibility), must be capable of accommodating, in real-time, the large-scale computational models vital to precise response computation for complex structures, and must be guaranteed stable and robust. This research will enable new technologies for seismic hazard mitigation and hybrid computational/experimental tools that complement, and broaden the applicability of, large-scale testing. Building technology will be advanced by demonstrating, in full-scale physical and mixed physical/virtual experiments, that controllable damping devices can provide significant reductions in building motion and damage during earthquakes - and doing so by capitalizing on experiments already planned by Japanese collaborators. Further, the project will enable the computational tools to support these cyber-physical experiments for realistic large-scale building models and ensure that the results are accurate. Beyond the collaboration with Japanese researchers, the development of a controllable base isolation benchmark study using models calibrated to full-scale experimental results will engage a world-wide community of researchers to multiply the reach of this project through numerous alternate control strategies. The research results will be incorporated into graduate and undergraduate classes at the University of Southern California and the University of Connecticut. An industry advisory panel will be assembled to ensure that the knowledge of practicing engineers informs the research. A workshop will ensure the transfer of the resulting tools to the hybrid simulation community so that others can take full advantage of the research results from this project. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES data repository. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).