NEESR Planning/Collaborative Research: Simulation and Design Tools for Tsunami Bridge Engineering

该项目的技术目标是为桥梁提出海啸荷载和设计建议，解决必须对桥梁和建筑物区别对待的问题。 这些问题包括：（1）三维桥梁几何形状，如桥面形状、倾斜和倾斜，其水力特性可导致渠化、钻孔截留和屏蔽;（2）碎片撞击和碎片筑坝，可大大增加海啸波最初撞击期间和外流期间桥梁上的力;以及（3）流体-结构相互作用效应，这对于特定类型的桥梁和改造策略可能是重要的，例如护舷的部署或柔性结构的情况。 还将探讨桥梁特定的改造策略。 并行处理软件的发展和强大的计算平台的可用性的最新进展，使人们有可能模拟这些复杂的影响。 计算流体动力学（CFD）建模将解决三维水力几何形状的影响。 物质点法将通过建立碎片明确模型来处理碎片撞击场和筑坝的影响。 在OpenSees中实现的粒子有限元法（PFEM）将允许研究人员考虑流体-结构相互作用，先前地震震动的影响和不确定性的影响。 作为该规划补助金的一部分，将充分开发模拟策略，以指导2015财年初NEES2设施中关键实验的详细设计。 在过去十年中，海啸已造成数十万人死亡和数千亿美元的损失。 关键生命线结构的丧失延误了应急工作和灾后经济复苏，加剧了这些灾难。 大海啸还威胁到至少五个美国州和许多美国领土。 几乎所有过去的海啸研究都集中在助跑模型，疏散策略的发展，最近，在建筑物的设计，以抵御海啸。 相比之下，很少有研究涉及桥梁的海啸性能，也没有指导方针可用于设计安全和经济的抗海啸桥梁或制定改造策略。 为此，拟议的研究将改变抗海啸桥梁的设计，从而大大改善灾后响应和恢复工作。 该项目的数据将通过NEES数据库存档并向公众提供。 该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。

The technical objective of this project is to develop tsunami loading and design recommendations for bridges that address issues that must be treated differently for bridges than for buildings. These issues include (1) three-dimensional bridge geometries such as deck shape, skew and embankments, whose hydraulic characteristics can lead to channelization, bore entrapment, and shielding; (2) debris impact and debris damming that can greatly increase the forces on a bridge, both during the initial impact of the tsunami waves and during the outflows; and (3) fluid-structure interaction effects that can be significant for particular types of bridges and retrofit strategies, such as the deployment of fenders or in cases with flexible structures. Bridge-specific retrofit strategies will also be explored. Recent advances in the development of parallel processing software and the availability of powerful computational platforms make it possible to simulate these complex effects. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling will address the effects of three-dimensional hydraulic geometries. The Material Point Method (MPM) will address the effects of debris impact fields and damming by modeling debris explicitly. The Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), as implemented in OpenSees, will allow researchers to consider the fluid-structure interaction, the effects of the preceding earthquake shaking and the effect of uncertainties. As part of this planning grant, the simulation strategies will be developed sufficiently to guide the detailed design of critical experiments in a NEES2 facility early in FY2015. Over the past decade, tsunamis have caused hundreds of thousands of deaths and hundreds of billions of dollars of damage. The loss of critical lifeline structures has exacerbated these catastrophes by delaying emergency response efforts and post-event economic recovery. Large tsunamis also threaten at least five U.S. states and numerous U.S. territories. Nearly all past tsunami research has focused on run-up modeling, the development of evacuation strategies, and more recently, on the design of buildings to resist tsunamis. In comparison, little research has addressed the tsunami performance of bridges, and no guidelines are available to design safe and economical tsunami-resistant bridges or to develop retrofit strategies. To these ends, the proposed research will transform the design of tsunami-resistant bridges, and consequently, greatly improve post-event response and recovery efforts. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES data repository. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).