RAPID: Engineering Damage Assessment in the Aftermath of the 2013 Moore, Oklahoma Tornado

这项快速研究拨款(RAPID)提供资金，用于收集2013年5月20日俄克拉荷马州摩尔市发生的EF 5级龙卷风造成的结构性破坏数据。此次龙卷风的破坏路径与1999年和2003年的前两次龙卷风的破坏路径重叠。看看在前几次龙卷风后重建的房屋在这次龙卷风中的表现将是有趣的。尽管每年有近1000次龙卷风记录，但通常只有不到10次龙卷风被评为EF4和EF5级。当EF5级龙卷风袭击一座城市时，有一个独特的机会来记录和学习建筑破坏。这场龙卷风摧毁了两所学校，数十座商业建筑和一千多座住宅楼。快速融资提供了一个机会，在清理工作清除碎片之前记录结构破坏。项目组将与实地的其他快速受让组合作，提高受损区域的覆盖率，避免重复。教职员工和学生团队将前往损坏现场，并记录每个记录的结构的故障模式、施工材料、结构相对于路径中心的位置以及碎片撞击。社交媒体(Twitter)将被用来获取公民的照片和评论。对社交媒体的挖掘将增强特定地点的损失记录。快速团队将根据观测到的破坏程度绘制EF评级和风速等值线图。这些地图将与过去的龙卷风研究进行比较，以评估其相似和不同之处。这种比较将有助于了解龙卷风对结构物作用的空间特征。建筑物的破坏进程将在不同的风速区确定。将确定使用社交媒体改进灾害评估的好处和挑战。

This Rapid Research Grant (RAPID) provides funding to collect structural damage data that was caused by the EF 5 tornado in the city of Moore, Oklahoma on May 20, 2013. The damage path of this tornado overlaps the damage paths of two previous tornadoes of 1999 and 2003. It would be interesting to see how the houses reconstructed after the previous tornadoes perform in this tornado. Even though there are close to 1,000 tornadoes recorded each year, typically less than 10 tornadoes are rated EF 4 and EF 5. When an EF 5 tornado impacts a city there is a unique opportunity to document and learn from the building damage. This tornado damaged two schools, dozens of commercial buildings, and over one thousand residential structures. RAPID funding provides an opportunity to document the structural damage before cleanup efforts remove the debris. The project team will work with other RAPID grantee teams in the field to improve coverage of the damage area and avoid duplication. The team of faculty members and students will travel to the damage site and document failure modes, materials of construction, location of structures with respect to the center of the path, and debris impacts for each documented structure. Social media (twitter) will be used to obtain photos and comments made by citizens. The mining of the social media will enhance damage documentation at specific locations. The RAPID team will develop contour maps of EF ratings and wind speeds based on observed Degrees of Damage. These maps will be compared with past tornado studies to evaluate the similarities and differences. This comparison will contribute to the understanding of the spatial characteristics of tornado wind forces on structures. Building failure progression will be determined in different wind speed zones. The benefits and challenges of using social media to improve disaster assessment will be determined.