The upper mantle structure of southern Africa using full-waveform tomography from long-period ambient noise and earthquake data

使用长周期环境噪声和地震数据的全波形断层扫描显示南部非洲的上地幔结构

• 批准号: 1349684
• 负责人: Erica Emry
• 金额: $ 8.7万
• 依托单位: Emry Erica L
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-01 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1349684&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: upper; mantle; structure; southern; Africa

Dr. Erica Emry has been awarded an NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship to carry out research and to broaden participation of underrepresented minorities in the Earth Sciences while at The Pennsylvania State University and The University of Rhode Island. She will investigate the structure of the upper mantle beneath Africa using new full-wave seismic tomography techniques on ambient noise and earthquake data. She will address questions of African mantle dynamics and their impact on surface processes by creating a synoptic map of the upper mantle shear velocities throughout southern Africa, focusing on the East African Rift system (EARS) and the Archean cratons. In particular, she will focus on imaging three unresolved regions in the African mantle and answering the following questions that will help to elucidate the relationships between mantle flow, cratonic lithosphere and surface processes: 1) What is the depth and lateral extent of the Congo craton? 2) Are the East African and Ethiopian low velocity zones connected at the Turkana Depression? 3) What is the depth and lateral extent of the Afar hotspot, and are the slowest upper mantle anomalies associated with the Afar hotspot located beneath the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) or the Afar Depression? Results from this project will contribute to the larger African geology and tectonics community and current research initiatives such as the NSF GeoPRISMs Rift Initiation and Evolution (RIE) program. The finalized results of upper mantle structure beneath southern Africa will be made freely available online for use in other geophysics and earth science research (http://www.iris.edu/dms/products/emc/). As part of this proposal, Dr. Emry will expand upon the Africa Array diversity program, acting as primary instructor for the summer geophysics field course in 2014 and 2015. This course run by Penn State and the University of Witwatersrand brings undergraduate students from minority-serving institutions to Penn State and South Africa to learn geophysical field techniques and South African geology. In addition to the field course, she will continue to mentor students from the Africa Array diversity program on a monthly basis during online webinars, by introducing them to new research, and by discussing careers in the geosciences. Furthermore, during each school year, she will advise students from the Africa Array diversity program who are interested in completing a senior thesis focused on African tectonics or seismology.

埃里卡·埃默里博士被授予NSF地球科学博士后奖学金，在宾夕法尼亚州立大学和罗得岛大学开展研究，并扩大少数民族在地球科学中的参与。 她将利用新的全波地震层析成像技术对环境噪声和地震数据进行研究，以调查非洲下的上地幔结构。她将通过创建整个南部非洲的上地幔剪切速度的天气图来解决非洲地幔动力学及其对地表过程的影响问题，重点是东非裂谷系统（EARS）和太古代的地幔。 特别是，她将专注于成像三个未解决的地区在非洲地幔和回答以下问题，这将有助于阐明地幔流动，岩石圈和表面过程之间的关系：1）什么是深度和横向范围的刚果克拉通？ 2)东非和埃塞俄比亚的低速带在图尔卡纳凹陷相连吗？3)阿法尔热点的深度和横向范围是什么？与阿法尔热点相关的最慢的上地幔异常位于埃塞俄比亚主裂谷（MER）或阿法尔凹陷之下？该项目的成果将有助于更大的非洲地质和构造社区以及目前的研究计划，如NSF GeoPRISMs裂谷启动和演化（RIE）计划。 南部非洲上地幔结构的最终结果将在网上免费提供，供其他地球物理学和地球科学研究使用（http：//www.iris.edu/dms/products/emc/）。 作为该提案的一部分，Emry博士将扩大非洲阵列多样性计划，担任2014年和2015年夏季物理学实地课程的主要讲师。 这门课程由宾夕法尼亚州立大学和威特沃特斯兰德大学开办，将少数民族服务机构的本科生带到宾夕法尼亚州立大学和南非学习地球物理场技术和南非地质学。 除了实地课程，她将继续指导学生从非洲阵列多样性计划每月在网上研讨会期间，通过向他们介绍新的研究，并通过讨论在地球科学的职业生涯。 此外，在每个学年，她将建议学生从非洲阵列多样性计划谁有兴趣完成一个高级论文集中在非洲构造或地震。