Doctoral Dissertation Research: Alternative Forms of Regulated Social Provisioning in American Cities

在Damani Partridge博士的指导下，密歇根大学博士候选人Jeff Albanese将在经济困难时期对社会供给的替代形式进行研究。由于公共服务资源的减少，美国各城市中自我管理的无家可归者营地越来越多地寻求法律批准。他的研究将集中在俄勒冈州的两个这样的自我管理的无家可归者营地，其中一个已经获得了这样的批准，另一个没有。艾博年的研究解决了两个首要问题：1)尽管城市发展战略、监管实践和社会服务方法可能不支持将自我管理的无家可归者营地纳入城市景观，但这些营地是如何出现甚至持续存在的？2)法律承认的追求和实现如何影响无家可归者营地本身的社会组织、物质基础设施和长期弹性？为了回答这些问题，研究人员将采用民族志方法的组合，包括：观察营地会议和当地政府程序；参与营地建设和维护项目的观察；对营地居民、社区成员和政府官员进行半结构化访谈；研究人员和居民的营地地图；以及档案调查。这项研究很重要，因为它将通过强调多重管辖权（包括联邦、市政和行政）的共存，扩展对当代城市法律和治理实践对社会供给影响的科学理解。最近的学术研究强调了新兴城市发展战略的排他性效应，因为不同的城市采用类似的做法来规范公共空间的行为。相反，通过关注有组织和受监管的无家可归者营地的矛盾扩散，以及可能获得法律承认的各种方式，本研究扩大了对城市法律与边缘群体之间关系的理解。支持这项研究也有助于研究生的教育。

University of Michigan doctoral candidate Jeff Albanese, advised by Dr. Damani Partridge, will undertake research on alternative forms of regulated social provisioning in times of economic hardship. Because of diminishing resources for public services, self-managed homeless encampments in cities across the United States are increasingly seeking legal approval. His research will focus on two such self-managed homeless encampments in Oregon, one of which has obtained such approval and the other of which has not. Mr. Albanese's research addresses two overarching questions: 1) How do self-managed homeless encampments emerge and even persist despite urban development strategies, regulatory practices, and social service approaches that may not support their incorporation into the urban landscape? 2) How does the pursuit and achievement of legal recognition affect the social organization, material infrastructure, and long-term resiliency of the homeless encampments themselves? To answer these questions, the researcher will employ a combination of ethnographic methods, including: observation of encampment meetings and local government proceedings; participant-observation at encampment building and maintenance projects; semi-structured interviews with encampment residents, community members, and public officials; both researcher and resident mappings of encampments; and archival investigations. This research is important because it will extend scientific understanding of the effects of contemporary urban law and governance practices on social provisioning by highlighting the co-existence of multiple orders of jurisdiction (including federal, municipal, and administrative). Recent scholarship has highlighted the exclusionary effects of emergent urban development strategies as diverse cities adopt similar practices to regulate behavior in public space. By focusing instead on the paradoxical proliferation of organized and regulated homeless encampments, and the variety of ways that legal recognition might potentially be conferred, this research expands understanding of the relationship between urban law and marginalized groups. Supporting this research also contributes to the education of a graduate student.