Co-development of Economic, Civic, and Kinship Networks

经济、公民和亲属关系网络的共同发展

• 批准号: 1357340
• 负责人: John Padgett
• 金额: $ 25万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1357340&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Co; development; Economic; Civic; Kinship

This project examines the emergence of novel organizational forms by studying changes in and re-combinations of social networks that are based on kinship, economic, and civic linkages. The research focuses on social networks as foundations for other institutions and collects unusually detailed data on a specific historical case that produced organizational novelty and inventions so prolifically that it influenced the development of western civilization. This study continues a trajectory of research by the investigator in which previous findings from research on Florence Italy have been generalized and applied to analyses diverse cases. Specifically, this past research has been used in generating better understandings of the rise of capitalism in Europe, the transformation of Communism in the twentieth century, and the biotechnology industry in Silicon Valley. A central outcome of this project will be the completion and public release of a relational data base on changing economic, civic, and kinship networks among about 70,000 citizens. This will be further generalizable to modern and diverse cases.The "emergence of organization novelty," the subject of this research, has broad relevance. The Florentine economy has been exceptionally resilient in the face of shocks, wars, plagues, and social revolts. Florentine industry shifted from wool-manufacturing, to international banking (the economic foundation of their extraordinary wealth and cultural patronage), to silk production during this time frame. Similarly, Florentine governmental and civic institutions were remarkably inventive and flexible. Many constitutional systems of representation have been experimented with, ranging from democratic to oligarchical to centralized in effect. By studying these specific cases, this research will contribute to answering the broad general question of what makes macroeconomic, civic and governmental flexibility and resilience. The findings from this research enable theoretical development that can be applied to similar modern conditions. Increasing and improving general knowledge about causal interrelationships between (easily visible) institutional order and (hard to see) social-network foundations has potential for wide application beyond this particular case study.

该项目通过研究基于亲属关系、经济和公民联系的社交网络的变化和重新组合来检验新型组织形式的出现。 该研究重点关注作为其他机构基础的社交网络，并收集有关特定历史案例的异常详细的数据，这些历史案例产生了大量的组织新颖性和发明，从而影响了西方文明的发展。这项研究延续了研究者的研究轨迹，其中先前对意大利佛罗伦萨的研究结果已被概括并应用于分析不同的案例。 具体来说，过去的研究已被用来更好地理解欧洲资本主义的崛起、二十世纪共产主义的转型以及硅谷的生物技术产业。该项目的核心成果将是完成并公开发布一个关系数据库，该数据库涉及约 70,000 名公民不断变化的经济、公民和亲属关系网络。这将进一步推广到现代和多样化的案例。本研究的主题“组织新颖性的出现”具有广泛的相关性。面对冲击、战争、瘟疫和社会叛乱，佛罗伦萨的经济表现出异常的弹性。在此期间，佛罗伦萨的工业从羊毛制造转向国际银行业（其非凡财富和文化赞助的经济基础），再转向丝绸生产。同样，佛罗伦萨的政府和民间机构也非常有创造力和灵活性。人们已经尝试过许多宪政代表制度，从民主到寡头再到集权。通过研究这些具体案例，本研究将有助于回答宏观经济、公民和政府的灵活性和复原力的普遍问题。这项研究的结果使得理论发展能够应用于类似的现代条件。增加和改进关于（容易看到的）制度秩序和（难以看到的）社交网络基础之间因果关系的一般知识，除了这个特定的案例研究之外，还有广泛应用的潜力。