Role of Fronto-Parietal Cortex in Delay Discounting

额顶叶皮层在延迟贴现中的作用

• 批准号: 1358507
• 负责人: Samuel McClure
• 金额: $ 37.91万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1358507&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Fronto; Parietal; Cortex; Delay

Choices made between outcomes available at different points in the future(intertemporal choices) constitute an important and common set of decisionsencountered in everyday life. How people respond to such choices is also knownto be predictive of a number of important life outcomes, and can be summarizedusing laboratory measures of delay discounting. Understanding the cognitivebrain processes that underlie delay discounting, and particularly our ability toresist immediate temptations, is an important area of research in cognitiveneuroscience. Significant progress has been made in this area over the pastdecade. It is now well established that brain reward areas, including theventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), encode the subjective value ofprospective rewards. It is also established that a network of regions in lateralprefrontal (lPFC), dorsomedial frontal (dmFC), and posterior parietal cortex (pPC)are engaged when making intertemporal choices. However, the role of thisfronto-parietal cortical network (FPN) remains debated and less understood. Thecurrent research project builds on recent computational modeling work done byMcClure and his colleagues to test and unify competing theories of FPN functionin delay discounting. This work promises to further our understanding of the brainbasis of important cognitive processes related to the exertion of willpower andself-control.We will conduct three studies that employ both fMRI and EEG to investigate therole of different frontal and parietal regions in intertemporal decision-making. Inpreliminary work, we have used our computation model framework todemonstrate that (1) the pPC interacts with the vmPFC during the valuing ofchoice options, and (2) value information is accumulated in the dmFC duringaction selection. This project will further test how the FPN functions underconditions of temptation and cognitive load and how these manipulationsinfluence choice outcomes. A number of disorders, including attention deficithyperactivity disorder and drug addiction, have been directly associated withdelay discounting. The proposed studies of delay discounting therefore representa clear example in which cognitive neuroscience approaches promise to directlyimpact and improve our understanding of normal and aberrant behavior. Finally,decision neuroscience is a highly interdisciplinary field that combines elements ofeconomics, psychology, and neuroscience. It offers an exciting trainingopportunity for the students at various levels of training who will be directlyinvolved in the project.

在未来不同时间点的结果之间做出的选择（跨期选择）构成了日常生活中遇到的一组重要而常见的决策。人们对这种选择的反应也被认为是许多重要的生活结果的预测，并且可以使用延迟折扣的实验室测量来总结。理解延迟折扣背后的认知大脑过程，特别是我们抵抗即时诱惑的能力，是认知神经科学的一个重要研究领域。过去十年来，这一领域取得了重大进展。现在已经很好地确定了大脑奖励区域，包括腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC），编码预期奖励的主观价值。它还建立了一个网络的区域在lateralprefrontal（lPFC），背内侧额叶（dmFC），和后顶叶皮层（pPC）进行时，跨时间的选择。然而，这个额顶叶皮层网络（FPN）的作用仍然存在争议和了解较少。当前的研究项目建立在McClure和他的同事最近完成的计算建模工作的基础上，以测试和统一延迟折扣中FPN函数的竞争理论。这项工作有望进一步加深我们对与意志力和自我控制有关的重要认知过程的大脑基础的理解。我们将进行三项研究，利用功能磁共振成像和脑电图来研究不同的额叶和顶叶区域在跨期决策中的作用。在初步的工作中，我们已经使用我们的计算模型框架来证明：（1）在选择选项的估值过程中，pPC与vmPFC相互作用;（2）在动作选择过程中，价值信息在dmFC中积累。本项目将进一步测试FPN在诱惑和认知负荷条件下的功能，以及这些操作如何影响选择结果。许多疾病，包括注意力缺陷多动障碍和药物成瘾，都与延迟折扣直接相关。因此，延迟折扣的拟议研究代表了一个明确的例子，其中认知神经科学方法有望直接影响和改善我们对正常和异常行为的理解。最后，决策神经科学是一个高度跨学科的领域，结合了经济学，心理学和神经科学的元素。它提供了一个令人兴奋的培训机会，为学生在不同层次的培训谁将直接参与该项目。