Experimental Studies of the Standard Model and Beyond at High Energy Colliders

高能对撞机标准模型及其他模型的实验研究

• 批准号: 1359787
• 负责人: John Hobbs
• 金额: $ 189.5万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1359787&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Studies; Standard; Model; Beyond

Overview: A goal of experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (the LHC) at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland is to understand the nature of the Higgs Boson, recently discovered there in 2012, and to discover new physics beyond the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics. These goals are relevant to the understanding of the Universe at its most fundamental level in the fleeting fraction of a second just after the Big Bang, and to why we see the Universe as we do now. To meet the challenges of this quest, new theories are advanced, new detectors and accelerators are developed and built, and new computing and analytical methodologies are created, all of which have significant broader impact for the training of young scientists in the near term and the advancement of technological benefits to society over the longer term. The next three years represent a transition of the LHC physics program from a collision energy of 8 TeV data-taking and operation, to extended operations and data taking at nearly double the energy, 13-14 TeV. Over a thousand scientists from the United States are involved with this scientific program on several major experiments.Intellectual Merit: The research to be conducted under this award to the Particle Physics group at the State University of New York at Stonybrook is aimed to address deep questions about the nature of the Universe from data collected with the ATLAS experiment, one of the major multipurpose detectors at the LHC. Scientific questions addressed include: Is the newly discovered Higgs particle the one predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics or is it a part of a larger theoretical picture that includes new particles that could be discovered at the new higher collision energy? Why is the observed mass of the Higgs boson so low, found to be 126 billion electron volts, or roughly 135 times the mass of the proton? In fact this low mass value is one of the most profound conundrums in all of science and is currently driving much of the scientific discourse in the field of particle physics. What are the detailed properties of the force carriers of the electroweak interaction, the W and Z bosons, at high energy? These questions are critical to our understanding of the full context of the Standard Model of particle physics and to new physics that lies beyond the Standard Model. Technically, the group will provide instrumentation and software calibration tools for the ATLAS calorimeters that will enable the group to commission and calibrate these important components of the experiment. The group is also a key leader in the Phase I Upgrade of the ATLAS detector. It is called the Phase I upgrade, because it represents the first major improvement in instrumentation for the experiment. This is essential for the effective operation of the experiment as the number of beam interactions (the luminosity) is increased by factor of ten over current levels, and will improve the potential for new scientific discoveries through the end of this decade.Broader Impact: The leadership role of the Stonybrook group in managing the ATLAS Phase I Upgrade serves to broaden the participation and contributions of a number of university groups in the US, through support of technical personnel and education and training of young scientific researchers in the development and deployment of new, state-of-the-art instrumentation for high energy, high luminosity experimentation.

概述：位于瑞士日内瓦欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机（LHC）的实验目标是了解2012年在那里发现的希格斯玻色子的性质，并发现基本粒子物理学标准模型之外的新物理。 这些目标与理解宇宙在大爆炸后短短一秒钟内的最基本水平以及为什么我们现在看到的宇宙有关。 为了迎接这一探索的挑战，提出了新的理论，开发和建造了新的探测器和加速器，并创造了新的计算和分析方法，所有这些都对短期内培训青年科学家和长期提高技术对社会的益处产生了广泛的影响。 接下来的三年代表了LHC物理计划的过渡，从8 TeV的碰撞能量数据采集和操作，到扩展操作和数据采集，几乎是能量的两倍，13-14 TeV。 来自美国的1000多名科学家参与了这一科学计划的几个主要实验。智力贡献：在这一奖项下，纽约州立大学斯托尼布鲁克分校粒子物理小组将进行的研究旨在通过ATLAS实验收集的数据解决有关宇宙性质的深层次问题，ATLAS实验是大型强子对撞机的主要多功能探测器之一。 解决的科学问题包括：新发现的希格斯粒子是粒子物理学标准模型预测的粒子，还是更大理论图景的一部分，其中包括可能在新的更高碰撞能量下发现的新粒子？ 为什么观测到的希格斯玻色子的质量如此之低，只有1260亿电子伏特，大约是质子质量的135倍？ 事实上，这种低质量值是所有科学中最深刻的难题之一，目前正在推动粒子物理学领域的大部分科学话语。 电弱相互作用的力载体，W玻色子和Z玻色子在高能时的详细性质是什么？ 这些问题对于我们理解粒子物理学标准模型的完整背景和超越标准模型的新物理学至关重要。 从技术上讲，该小组将为ATLAS量热计提供仪器和软件校准工具，使该小组能够委托和校准实验的这些重要组成部分。 该集团也是ATLAS探测器第一阶段升级的主要领导者。它被称为第一阶段升级，因为它代表了实验仪器的第一次重大改进。 这对于实验的有效操作是必不可少的，因为光束相互作用的数量（亮度）比目前的水平增加了十倍，并将在本十年末提高新科学发现的潜力。更广泛的影响：Stonybrook集团在管理ATLAS第一阶段升级中的领导作用有助于扩大一些大学团体的参与和贡献，美国，通过支持技术人员和教育和培训年轻的科学研究人员，开发和部署用于高能、高亮度实验的新的、最先进的仪器。