Doctoral Dissertation Research: Nations as Destinations: Tourist Sources as Local Fields of Global Production

这项研究探讨了目的地营销如何作为民族国家适应全球化条件的关键机制发挥作用，进而共同构成全球社会经济进程。旅游业是世界上最大的产业之一？S，2012年移动了10亿人和1.3万亿美元。民族国家为这些全球性的消费者流动而竞争。目的地营销作为吸引游客的工具，已经成为作为旅游目的地的民族国家的中心活动。对于民族国家的参与者，国家旅游局来说，问题是他们必须依赖当地旅游媒体和行业在源头上的合作，也就是游客的来源地。这项解释性-比较研究分析了几个国家在两个不同的现场(美国和印度)的目的地营销努力，以解决国家旅游局如何在当地旅游媒体和行业中管理其作为旅游目的地的产品的问题。这项研究将全球旅游经济的巨大规模分解为两个不同的地方，假设这些地方，目的地营销，旅游媒体和行业之间互动的社会经济舞台(领域)显著限制了民族国家？努力控制其商品形象的生产。本研究在经济社会学、全球化社会学和文化社会学的文献中，对全球化进程与民族国家关系的争论做出了贡献。在致力于将文化转化为经济资源，将民族国家转变为全球竞争的参与者和主体的品牌化/营销机构研究中，本研究从品牌化的思想转向对其实践的实证研究。因此，它采用了定性的方法，包括参与者观察、访谈以及内容和话语分析。广泛的影响这项研究有助于更好地理解迫使民族国家在经济竞争下重新建立社会秩序的全球环境的产生。在这场全球竞争中，形象构成了价值，这体现在“给国家打品牌”的愿望上，这是一种将人们视为利益相关者和资产的迫切要求。这项研究通过分析地方组织领域对民族国家控制形象生产的争执，对传统解释提出了挑战。研究成果有助于社会科学的学术研究，也有助于旅游目的地研究，这些研究直接牵涉到国家政策的意识形态生产。收集的数据将被取消身份，并供进一步研究营销、媒体和工业领域的非正式做法的过程。

SES-1401064Jeffrey GoldfarbTim RosenkranzNew School UniversityThis research explores how destination marketing functions as a key mechanism through which the nation-state adapts to conditions of globalization and, in turn, co-constitutes global socio-economic processes. Tourism is one of the world?s largest industries, moving one billion people and 1.3 trillion US dollars in 2012. Nation-states compete for these global movements of consumers. Destination marketing, as tool to attract tourists, has become a central activity of the nation-state as tourist destination. The problem for the nation-state's actors, the National Tourist Offices, is that they have to rely on the cooperation of the local travel media and industry at the source, the places from which tourist come. This interpretative-comparative research analyzes the destination marketing efforts of several nation-states in two different field-sites (USA and India) to address the question of how do National Tourist Offices manage their production as tourist destination in local travel media and industry? This research breaks down the large scale of the global tourism economy into two distinct local sites, hypothesizing that these local, socio-economic arenas (fields) of interaction between destination marketing, travel media and industry significantly limit the nation-states? efforts to control the production of its commodity image. Situated in the literatures of Economic Sociology, the Sociology of Globalization and the Sociology of Culture, this study contributes to the debate about the relation between globalization processes and the nation-state. While engaging with the research on branding/marketing institutions that translate culture into an economic resource, transforming the nation-state into an actor and subject of global competition, this study moves from the ideology of branding to the empirical research of its practices. It therefore applies qualitative methods, including participant observation, interviewing as well as content and discourse analysis.Broader ImpactsThe research contributes to a better understanding of the production of the global environment that forces nation-states to reorder their societies under economic competition. Image constitutes value within this global competition, exemplified by the desire to "brand the nation," an imperative that treats people as stakeholders and assets. This study challenges tradition explanations by analyzing the local organizational fields' contestations of the nation-state's control over image production. Research findings contribute to scholarship in social sciences and also to tourism destination studies that are directly implicated in the ideological production of state policies. The collected data will be de-identified and made available for further study of the processes of informal practices in the spheres of marketing, media and industry.