Research in Elementary Particle Physics

基本粒子物理研究

• 批准号: 1404362
• 负责人: Young-Kee Kim
• 金额: $ 357.3万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1404362&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Research; Elementary; Particle; Physics

Overview: The principal goal of experiments in modern particle physics is to uncover new physics that underlies the Standard Model. Possible approaches include the study of physics processes at the highest available collision energies at accelerators or through studies of the very rare interactions of neutrinos. The Chicago Particle Physics group has been active in both domains. Additionally the group is making significant technological contributions to the development of very fast timing detectors and is advancing a graduate program of accelerator research.Broader impacts: The Chicago group has made major contributions to the development of fast timing detectors for particle physics through the LAPPD (Large Area Picosecond Photodetector) collaboration. Such instrumentation is critical for neutrino and collider experiments described below, and is also important in other fields including applications in medicine and homeland security. The developed technology is now in a phase of transfer to industry.Additionally the Chicago group has had a very strong program of outreach to the broader community through its major contributions to programs that encourage the participation of underserved students and minorities in science such as the Enrico Fermi Summer Interns Program and their Expanding Your Horizon Program.Intellectual Merit: A goal of experiments at the highest available collision energies at the Large Hadron Collider (the LHC) at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland is to understand the nature of the Higgs Boson, recently discovered there in 2012, and to discover new physics beyond the Standard Model. These goals are relevant to the understanding of the Universe at its most fundamental level in the fleeting fraction of a second just after the Big Bang, and to why we see the Universe as we do now. To meet the challenges of this quest, new theories are advanced, new detectors and accelerators are developed and built, and new computing and analytical methodologies are created, all of which have significant broader impact for the training of young scientists in the near term and the advancement of technological benefits to society over the longer term. The next three years represent a transition of the LHC physics program from a collision energy of 8 TeV data-taking and operation, to extended operations and data taking at nearly double the energy, 13-14 TeV. Over a thousand scientists from the United States are involved with this scientific program on several major experiments. The Chicago group is one of the important groups participating in the ATLAS experiment at CERN. Their contributions include extensive involvement in the technical advancement of the experiment, leading the development of the Fast Track Trigger (the FTK) and the upgrade of the hadron Calorimetry (the TileCAL). The group's principal analytical focus will be Higgs physics, with the Higgs decay mode into b and anti-b quarks. This topology will enable important studies of Higgs properties and searches for new physics using this b - anti b decay as a tool, dark matter searches with heavy quarks, and searches for new physics using di-jet events. These studies will be greatly facilitated by the FTK and/or the TileCAL and by a jet substructure tool which has been developed by the Chicago group for the analysis of the data from first major run of the LHC, and which will be exploited in the upcoming run which begins in 2015.In Neutrino Physics the Chicago group will be completing its contributions to the reactor-based neutrino experiment called Double Chooz, which will measure the neutrino mixing angle, theta13, with both near and far detectors. Until now, the measurements from Double Chooz were from a single detector only.

概述：现代粒子物理实验的主要目标是发现支撑标准模型的新物理。可能的方法包括在加速器上研究最高可用碰撞能量的物理过程，或通过研究非常罕见的中微子相互作用。芝加哥粒子物理小组在这两个领域都很活跃。此外，该小组正在为快速计时探测器的开发做出重大技术贡献，并正在推进加速器研究的研究生计划。广泛影响：芝加哥小组通过LAPPD(大面积皮秒光电探测器)合作，为开发用于粒子物理的快速计时探测器做出了重大贡献。这种仪器对下面描述的中微子和对撞机实验至关重要，在其他领域也很重要，包括在医学和国土安全方面的应用。开发的技术现在正处于向工业转移的阶段。此外，芝加哥小组还有一个非常强大的计划，通过对鼓励服务不足的学生和少数族裔参与科学的计划做出重大贡献，如Enrico Fermi暑期实习生计划和他们的扩展您的地平线计划。智力上的优点：在瑞士日内瓦CERN的大型强子对撞机(LHC)上以最高可用碰撞能量进行实验的目标是了解2012年在那里发现的希格斯玻色子的性质，并发现超越标准模型的新物理。这些目标与在宇宙大爆炸后极短的时间内对宇宙最基本的层次的理解有关，也与我们为什么会看到现在的宇宙有关。为了迎接这一探索的挑战，提出了新的理论，开发和建造了新的探测器和加速器，创造了新的计算和分析方法，所有这些都对短期内青年科学家的培训和长期内促进技术惠及社会产生了重大而广泛的影响。未来三年是大型强子对撞机物理计划从8TeV数据获取和操作的碰撞能量到扩展操作和数据获取能量的近两倍(13-14TeV)的过渡。来自美国的一千多名科学家参与了这一科学计划，进行了几项重大实验。芝加哥小组是参加欧洲核子研究中心ATLAS实验的重要小组之一。他们的贡献包括广泛参与了实验的技术进步，领导了快道触发器(FTK)的开发和强子量热(TileCAL)的升级。该小组的主要分析重点将是希格斯物理学，希格斯衰变模式将转化为b夸克和反b夸克。这种拓扑学将使人们能够对希格斯性质进行重要的研究，并利用这种b-反b衰变作为工具来搜索新的物理，暗物质将使用重夸克来搜索，并使用双喷流事件来搜索新的物理。FTK和/或TileCAL以及JET子结构工具将极大地促进这些研究。JET子结构工具由芝加哥小组开发，用于分析大型强子对撞机首次主要运行的数据，并将在即将于2015年开始的运行中使用。在中微子物理学方面，芝加哥小组将完成对基于反应堆的中微子实验的贡献，该实验名为Double Chooz，该实验将使用近探测器和远探测器测量中微子混合角。到目前为止，Double Chooz的测量只有一个探测器。