CHS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Intelligent Context-Aware Peer-to-Peer Transaction Brokering

CHS：媒介：协作研究：智能上下文感知点对点交易经纪

• 批准号: 1407630
• 负责人: Victoria Bellotti
• 金额: $ 46.25万
• 依托单位: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1407630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Medium; Collaborative; Research; Intelligent

Peer-to-peer exchange is transforming economic activity, through unprecedented integration of social and practical action. This project will produce a full-scale implementation of a more efficient model of it that can be emulated across many social and economic domains. Peer-to-peer exchange is the direct exchange of goods and services by citizens, mediated by a brokering entity, typically embodied as an information system. It is an emerging paradigm that integrates economic and social interaction, creating many possibilities for innovation. It encompasses diverse services such as ride sharing, everyday tasks, textbook sharing, accommodation sharing , car sharing , sharing parking, local food exchange, sharing household items, exchanging home-cooked meals, sharing workspace and expertise, timebanking, and municipal development . Many of these applications make use of otherwise wasted resources such as parked cars, empty bedrooms, and idle time, increasing the efficiency and sustainability of economic activity. Their number and size have mushroomed; they are now referred to collectively as the "collaborative economy." Many peer-to-peer exchanges involve sharing goods and services "just in time," that is, sharing precisely when someone needs something and someone else is prepared to provide it. Thus, one key to the success of peer-to-peer exchanges is close coordination of providers/offerers and recipients/requesters. In a recent NSF project, members of the current research team investigated mobile timebanking using smartphone clients, a system in which members of a community can volunteer specific hours of labor they are well prepared to perform, in exchange for hours of labor from other community members, counting each hour equally. A key challenge was a lack of coordination in arranging "just in time" service exchanges. This new research will investigate computational approaches to coordinating collaborative interactions mediated by contextual intelligence. Also studied will be what sorts of user, task, and interaction information facilitate effective "just in time" service exchanges, and how users appropriate and experience these exchanges. A large field trial will investigate the adoption, usability, and utilization of context-aware peer-to-peer transaction brokering and will provide early reports of results and help a variety of organizations implement techniques that have been shown to work. The research will extend current understanding of motivations for engaging in helpful economic transactions, the formation of social connections through such transactions, and of how to enhance subjective wellbeing by fostering practical helping behaviors through context-aware technology. A prime objective is to identify strategies for contextually facilitated peer-to-peer exchange that can energize economic exchange activity, and support new kinds of exchange, while enhancing social consequences and concomitants of exchange interactions.

点对点交流正在通过史无前例的社会和实际行动融合来改变经济活动。 该项目将产生更有效的IT模型的全面实施，该模型可以在许多社会和经济领域中模仿。 点对点交流是由经纪实体介导的公民直接交换商品和服务，通常体现为信息系统。 这是一个融合经济和社会互动的新兴范式，为创新创造了许多可能性。 它涵盖了各种服务，例如乘车共享，日常任务，教科书共享，住宿共享，共享停车，当地食品交换，共享家庭用品，交换家庭用餐，共享工作空间和专业知识，时光库，时间班，以及市政发展。这些应用中的许多应用都利用了其他浪费的资源，例如停放的汽车，空旷的卧室和空闲时间，从而提高了经济活动的效率和可持续性。他们的数量和大小蘑菇;现在，它们被称为“合作经济”。许多对等交流涉及“及时”共享商品和服务，也就是说，当某人需要某些东西并且其他人准备提供它时，恰好共享。 因此，取得对等交流成功的关键是提供者/要约和收件人/请求者的密切协调。 在最近的NSF项目中，现任研究团队的成员使用智能手机客户调查了移动时刻，社区成员可以在该系统中志愿服务于特定的劳动时间，他们准备好努力，以换取其他社区成员的时间，每小时都同样计数。 一个关键的挑战是在安排“及时”服务交流方面缺乏协调。 这项新的研究将研究计算方法，以协调由上下文情报介导的协作互动。 还将研究的是哪种用户，任务和交互信息有效地“及时”服务交换，以及用户如何适当和体验这些交流。 一项大型现场试验将调查上下文感知的对等交易经纪的采用，可用性和利用，并将提供结果的早期报告，并帮助各种组织实施已证明有效的技术。这项研究将对参与有用的经济交易的动机进行当前的理解，通过此类交易形成社会联系以及如何通过通过上下文感知到的技术来促进实践帮助行为来增强主观福祉。 一个主要的目标是确定可以促进上下文的对等交流的策略，以激发经济交流活动，并支持新的交流，同时增强社会后果和交流互动的伴随。