Collaborative Research: Women in Science and Technology Policy

美国科技决策机构的工作对知识建设和经济增长至关重要。这些机构决定如何制定政策和计划，为科学和技术发展提供资金，如何促进技术转让和创新，以及如何在联邦监管和监督中使用科学和技术方法。该项目通过研究美国联邦政策制定中的女性职业，调查性别在科技政策制定中的作用。社会科学领域的研究调查了在决策过程中纳入不同观点（包括男性和女性领导者的观点）的好处。虽然有很多关于科学领域的女性和管理或政府领域的女性的研究，但以前很少有关于女性领导人在科学和技术政策中的作用的研究。该项目通过在联邦一级提供妇女参与和影响科学和技术政策的定性和定量措施，探索了新的领域。数据收集的重点是1992年至2008年标准普尔政策制定机构的领导力。该公司的产品包括一个多年来、多机构的数据集，涵盖了联邦政府层面的女性在标普政策领域的职业生涯。该研究从多个社会科学学科和领域的交叉理论中了解组织过程，包括：科学和技术研究；社会学;政治科学;公共政策;管理科学;和经济学。例如，科技机构组织结构的变化是否会影响妇女参与科学和技术政策，这是一个引起广泛知识分子兴趣的问题。对于科学政策研究来说，这项工作有助于了解资助科学的机构的领导人如何看待他们在知识生产过程中各自的角色。更广泛的影响：研究经费是科学和工程的命脉。本项目通过调查美国联邦级标准普尔税收政策制定机构的组织和领导，有助于我们理解标准普尔税收政策制定机构的重要作用。了解妇女领导人如何为标准与税收政策议程作出贡献，妇女在不同机构参与的差异如何产生不同的结果，以及如何剖析健康的标准与税收政策部门，是本项目预期的重要成果。该项目产生了对改善政策组织结构和实践具有实际意义的知识，以及其他研究人员可以用来调查性别与科学决策之间关系的数据集。

The work of science and technology (S&T) policymaking agencies in the United States is important to building knowledge and economic growth. These agencies make decisions about how to structure policies and programs for funding science and technology development, how to promote technology transfer and innovation, and how to use scientific and technical methods in federal regulation and oversight. This project investigates role that gender plays in the creation of science and technology policy through a study of women's careers in US federal policymaking. Research across the social sciences has investigated the advantages of including diverse perspectives in decision-making, including the perspectives of men and women leaders. While there is much research on women in science and women in management or government, there is little previous research on the role of women leaders in science and technology policy. This project explores new ground by providing both qualitative and quantitative measures of women's participation and influence on science and technology policy at the federal level. Data collection focuses on leadership in S&T policymaking agencies from 1992-2008. Products include a multiyear, multiagency dataset of women's careers in S&T policy at the federal level. The research informs understanding of organizational processes from theories at the intersection of multiple social science disciplines and areas, including: science and technology studies; sociology; political science; public policy; management science; and economics. For example, whether variation in the organizational structures of S&T agencies shapes women's participation in science and technology policy is a question of wide intellectual interest. To science policy studies, this work contributes important insights on how leaders at agencies that fund science view their respective roles in the knowledge production processes. Broader Impacts: Research funding is the lifeblood of science and engineering. This project contributes to our understanding of that vital role of S&T policymaking agencies by investigating the organization and leadership of federal level S&T policymaking agencies in the United States. Understanding how women leaders have contributed to the S&T policy agenda, how variation in the participation of women in different agencies has produced different outcomes, and what the anatomy of a healthy S&T policy sector looks like are important outcomes expected in this project. This project generates knowledge with practical implications for improving policy organization structures and practices, and a dataset that other researchers can use to investigate the relationship between gender and science policymaking.