SEES Fellows: Understanding the hierarchical assembly and economics of cellulose to enable high-performance, biomimetic, and sustainable composite materials

SEES 研究员：了解纤维素的分层组装和经济学，以实现高性能、仿生和可持续的复合材料

• 批准号: 1415129
• 负责人: Sebastian Pattinson
• 金额: $ 28.55万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-15 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1415129&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SEES; Fellows; Understanding; hierarchical; assembly

Non-technical:The project, supported by the Division of Materials Research and the Division of Chemistry, is made under the auspices of the NSF Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability Fellows (SEES Fellows) program, with the goal of helping to enable discoveries needed to inform actions that lead to environmental, energy and societal sustainability while creating the necessary workforce to address these challenges. Sustainability science is an emerging field that addresses the challenges of meeting human needs without harm to the environment, and without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. A strong scientific workforce requires individuals educated and trained in interdisciplinary research and thinking, especially in the area of sustainability science. With the SEES Fellowship support, this project will enable a promising early career researcher to establish himself in an independent research career related to sustainability. This project addresses the use of composite materials that are increasingly prevalent in applications where their high specific strength and stiffness outweigh the cost of their production. The use of sustainable materials in demanding applications demonstrate how additive systems enhance manufacturing processes both economically and environmentally. Working with Prof. John Hart of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at MIT and Prof. Eric Stach of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Lab, this SEES Fellow investigates methods for combinatorial variation and in-situ characterization of cellulose source and treatments to discern and understand structural variation in all-cellulose composites. Significant professional development for the SEES Fellow will result from gaining experience in a new discipline, learning new experimental and computational techniques, as well as development of courses in sustainable 3D printing and CAD to enable wider participation in the opportunities for product design enabled by additive techniques and to educate the public in the environmental aspects of manufacturing. This will contribute to existing MIT educational programs for K-12 students, the local community, and, through massively open online courses, the wider world. Technical:This project addresses the cross-disciplinary factors necessary to make cellulose composites competitive and thus to advance the use of sustainable materials in manufacturing. The physical properties of cellulose composites are limited by the lack of understanding of how structure and interfacial bonding translate to mechanical behavior. This project studies study how biomimetic structuring of cellulose composites can enhance mechanical properties by local control of fiber alignment, porosity, and composition through a 3D printing process. Computational modeling is used to understand and predict optimal material architectures. Additionally, the project explores whether cellulose-bonding reversibility can enable a form of sustainable programmable matter. For these novel composites to contribute to global sustainability they will need to be adopted by industry and bring environmental benefits. In collaboration with Prof. Erica Fuchs of the Department of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University, simulation modeling and empirical data will be used to compare the competitive position and environmental impact of additively manufactured biomimetic cellulose composites with glass fiber composites using prostheses as a case study. Comparing data on existing processes with the assumptions required to make the new materials competitive will elucidate how the technology must develop to become viable and the applications where it will have the greatest economic and environmental impact. The scientific focus of the project is on understanding structure-property relationships and subsequent formulation of rational strategies to enhance mechanical behavior in cellulose composites, which will also be applicable to other biomaterials and composites such as collagen or chitin. The ability to adapt biomaterial design principles by programming material properties across multiple length scales using 3D printing may also open a new avenue in the design of composites. This work will also advance understanding of how technology development can be guided towards viable applications using cost modelling.

非技术：该项目由材料研究部和化学部支持，在NSF科学、工程和教育可持续发展研究员（SEES研究员）计划的主持下进行，目标是帮助实现必要的发现，为导致环境、能源和社会可持续发展的行动提供信息，同时创造必要的劳动力来应对这些挑战。可持续发展科学是一个新兴的领域，它解决了在不损害环境的情况下满足人类需求的挑战，同时又不牺牲后代满足其需求的能力。一支强大的科学队伍需要在跨学科研究和思维方面受过教育和训练的个人，特别是在可持续性科学领域。在SEES奖学金的支持下，该项目将使一位有前途的早期职业研究员能够在与可持续发展相关的独立研究生涯中建立自己的职业生涯。该项目解决了复合材料在其高比强度和刚度超过其生产成本的应用中日益普遍的使用问题。在要求苛刻的应用中使用可持续材料展示了增材系统如何在经济和环境上提高制造过程。与麻省理工学院机械工程系的John Hart教授和布鲁克海文国家实验室功能纳米材料中心的Eric Stach教授合作，这位see研究员研究了纤维素来源和处理的组合变化和原位表征方法，以辨别和理解全纤维素复合材料的结构变化。获得新学科的经验，学习新的实验和计算技术，以及可持续3D打印和CAD课程的开发，将为SEES研究员带来重大的专业发展，从而使他们能够更广泛地参与通过增材制造技术实现的产品设计机会，并向公众宣传制造的环境方面。这将有助于现有的麻省理工学院的教育计划，为K-12学生，当地社区，并通过大规模开放的在线课程，更广阔的世界。技术：该项目解决了使纤维素复合材料具有竞争力所需的跨学科因素，从而促进了可持续材料在制造业中的使用。纤维素复合材料的物理性能由于缺乏对结构和界面结合如何转化为力学行为的理解而受到限制。该项目研究了纤维素复合材料的仿生结构如何通过3D打印过程局部控制纤维排列、孔隙度和成分来增强机械性能。计算建模用于理解和预测最佳的材料结构。此外，该项目还探讨了纤维素键合的可逆性是否可以成为一种可持续的可编程物质。为了使这些新型复合材料为全球可持续发展做出贡献，它们需要被工业采用并带来环境效益。与卡内基梅隆大学工程和公共政策系的Erica Fuchs教授合作，将使用模拟建模和经验数据来比较添加剂制造的仿生纤维素复合材料与使用假体的玻璃纤维复合材料的竞争地位和环境影响，作为案例研究。将现有工艺的数据与使新材料具有竞争力所需的假设进行比较，将阐明该技术必须如何发展才能变得可行，以及在哪些应用中将产生最大的经济和环境影响。该项目的科学重点是理解结构-性能关系，并随后制定合理的策略来增强纤维素复合材料的机械行为，这也将适用于其他生物材料和复合材料，如胶原蛋白或几丁质。通过使用3D打印在多个长度尺度上编程材料特性来适应生物材料设计原则的能力也可能为复合材料的设计开辟一条新的途径。这项工作还将促进对如何使用成本模型将技术开发引导到可行应用的理解。