STTR Phase I: Hydrogen Bromine Electrolysis for Highly Efficient Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage and High Value Chemical Applications

STTR 第一阶段：用于高效氢基储能和高价值化学应用的氢溴电解

• 批准号: 1416874
• 负责人: Kathy Ayers
• 金额: $ 22.5万
• 依托单位: Proton Energy Systems, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1416874&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: STTR; Phase; Hydrogen; Bromine; Electrolysis

The broader impact/commercial potential of this project includes applications ranging from peak load shifting, grid buffering for renewable energy input, frequency regulation, and chemical conversions. As the percentage of energy from renewables on the grid increases, energy storage will be essential to stabilize the supply and demand. Currently, 20-40% of wind energy is often stranded due to the inability to capture the energy in the peak generation periods. Germany, Europe, Japan, Korea, and other countries are funding significant efforts in energy storage projects. Energy storage is also a critical need for all of the United States armed services, including microgrids for forward operating bases and other off grid installations. While batteries can demonstrate very good round trip efficiencies, they suffer from self-discharge, capacity fade, and high cost. Flow batteries separate the reactant and product storage from the electrode active area, enabling higher capacities through merely adding more storage. Many systems have not been practical in the past due to low energy density values, but fuel cell and electrolysis developments have provided pathways to higher energy density. Advances in these areas would find immediate commercial interest, and address key strategic areas related to energy security and grid stabilization. This Small Business Technology Transfer Phase I project addresses the present technology gaps in flow battery cell stack design to enable a reliable, efficient, high rate hydrogen-bromine flow battery for energy storage applications. The goal of this project is a proof of concept hydrogen bromide stack that operates at a practical hydrogen storage pressure in electrolysis mode, while providing acceptable energy density in fuel cell mode. The majority of hydrogen bromine flow battery research to date has focused on the discharge reaction, leading to material choices that may not be practical for the charging mode. This project will demonstrate feasibility of sealing and supporting thin membranes to practical storage pressures. Objectives include demonstration of differential pressure electrolysis with materials that can support high power fuel cell mode, determining the bromine/bromide crossover rates as a function of hydrogen back pressure, and exploring compatible materials for the full flow battery system. Going beyond the Phase I funded effort, research being planned will include cell stack design optimization, down-selection of appropriate materials, and prototype system development for charge battery cycling. The anticipated result will be a highly efficient flow battery system with durability in charge mode and high power density in discharge mode for a cost effective energy storage system.

该项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力包括从高峰负荷转移、可再生能源输入的电网缓冲、频率调节和化学转化等应用。 随着可再生能源在电网中所占比例的增加，储能对于稳定供需至关重要。 目前，20-40%的风能由于无法在发电高峰期捕获能量而被搁浅。 德国、欧洲、日本、韩国和其他国家正在为储能项目提供大量资金。 储能也是美国所有武装部队的关键需求，包括前沿作战基地和其他离网设施的微电网。 虽然电池可以表现出非常好的往返效率，但它们遭受自放电、容量衰减和高成本。 液流电池将反应物和产物存储与电极活性区域分离，仅通过增加更多存储来实现更高的容量。 由于低能量密度值，许多系统在过去并不实用，但是燃料电池和电解的发展提供了通向更高能量密度的途径。 这些领域的进展将立即产生商业利益，并解决与能源安全和电网稳定有关的关键战略领域。 该小型企业技术转让第一阶段项目解决了目前液流电池组电池堆设计中的技术差距，以实现用于储能应用的可靠，高效，高倍率氢溴液流电池。 该项目的目标是验证溴化氢堆的概念，该堆在电解模式下以实际的储氢压力运行，同时在燃料电池模式下提供可接受的能量密度。 迄今为止，大多数氢溴液流电池研究都集中在放电反应上，导致材料选择对于充电模式可能不实用。 该项目将证明密封和支持薄膜的实际存储压力的可行性。 目标包括演示差压电解与材料，可以支持高功率燃料电池模式，确定溴/溴交叉率作为氢背压的函数，并探索兼容材料的全液流电池系统。 除了第一阶段资助的工作，正在计划的研究将包括电池堆设计优化，适当材料的向下选择，以及用于充电电池循环的原型系统开发。 预期的结果将是一种高效的液流电池系统，其在充电模式下具有耐久性，在放电模式下具有高功率密度，用于成本有效的能量存储系统。