Collaborative Research: Adaptability of a Key Arctic Freshwater Species to Climate Change

标题：一种重要的北极淡水鱼对气候变化的适应性快速变化的气候给北极鱼类带来了独特的挑战，这些鱼类依赖于相互联系的季节性栖息地。北极灰鲑每年在溪流中的繁殖地和不冻的越冬栖息地之间迁徙。他们的活动仅限于少数相互连接的水道。当鱼类需要迁徙到冬季栖息地时，温暖的气候造成了干涸的河床。温暖的溪流可能会挑战适应较冷水域的鱼类。实质性的运动、可塑性或适应性遗传变异可能允许对这些压力源的恢复力。本研究建议研究来自三个具有代表性的北极河流的种群，这些河流在温度、连通性和对气候变化的敏感性方面存在差异。试验数据表明，越来越多的干旱事件威胁着格雷林？S返回到越冬地点以及流域间和流域内的大量种群结构。物种可以通过运动、表型可塑性或局部适应性进化来应对气候变化。大多数研究未能解决这些基本策略中的一个或多个，而这些空白目前限制了我们准确预测未来反应的能力。这项研究解决了所有三种策略，以了解北极关键物种的持久性。研究人员将解决五个更广泛的影响领域：1)扩大本科生和研究生学习的机会，包括促进阿拉斯加本土少数民族参与的机会；2)建立北极研究现场工作人员与美国本土48个州的K-12教育工作者之间的现有联系；3)扩大北极少数民族社区的科学认识，包括巴罗的居民，AK，并开始向阿纳克图武克，AK的新推广；4)通过政府宣传、媒体关系和可公开访问的网络资源加强公众教育；5)扩大与州和联邦机构的合作，制定北极鱼类的管理建议。这项研究将1)在4个时间尺度上分析运动，从几天到几个世纪；2)评价种群间的可塑性和适应性分化；3)评估种群中被选择的位点；4)通过将所选位点的数据与单独标记鱼的运动相结合，确定对灰鲑亚种群的自然选择。本研究将使用个体标记、耳石微化学和基因组学来测试分水岭特征如何影响运动模式。个体标记记录了精细尺度的日常运动，耳石微化学允许重建一生的运动模式，基因组数据揭示了最近和历史上在景观和基因选择下的运动。最后，本研究将量化不同环境对鱼类生产性能的遗传和环境贡献。

TITLE: Adaptability of a key Arctic freshwater fish to climate changeRapidly changing climates uniquely challenge Arctic fish that rely on interconnected, seasonally available habitat. The Arctic grayling migrates annually between breeding sites in streams and unfrozen overwintering habitat. Their movement is restricted to a small number of interconnecting waterways. Warmer climates are creating dry streambeds when fish need to migrate to winter habitat. Warmer streams could challenge fish adapted to cooler water. Substantial movement, plasticity, or adaptive genetic variation might allow for resilience to these stressors. This study proposes to study populations from three representative Arctic streams that differ in temperature, connectivity, and sensitivity to climate change. Pilot data indicate increasing drying events that threaten the grayling?s return to overwintering sites as well as substantial population structure among and within watersheds. Species can respond to climate change through movement, phenotypic plasticity, or local adaptive evolution. Most research fails to address one or more of these fundamental strategies, and these gaps currently limit our ability to predict future responses with accuracy. This study addresses all three strategies to understand the persistence of a key Arctic species. The researchers will address five broader impact areas: 1) expanding opportunities for undergraduate and graduate study, including promoting opportunities for minority involvement of native Alaskans; 2) building upon existing links between Arctic research field crews and K-12 educators in the lower 48 states; 3) broadening scientific understanding in Arctic minority communities, including residents in Barrow, AK and initiating new outreach to Anaktuvuk, AK; 4) enhancing public education via governmental outreach, media relations, and publicly accessible web resources; and 5) expanding cooperation with state and federal agencies in developing management recommendations for Arctic fish.This study will 1) assay movement at four time scales ranging from days to centuries; 2) evaluate plasticity and adaptive differentiation among populations; 3) assess populations for loci under selection; and 4) determine natural selection against grayling subpopulations by integrating data on selected loci with the movement of individually tagged fish. This study will test how watershed characteristics influence movement patterns using individual tagging, otolith micro-chemistry, and genomics. Individual tagging records fine-scale daily movement, otolith micro-chemistry allows the reconstruction of lifetime movement patterns, and genomic data reveals recent and historical movement across the landscape and genes under selection. Lastly, this study will quantify genetic and environmental contributions to performance of fish from divergent environments.