Collaborative Research: Adaptability of a Key Arctic Freshwater Species to Climate Change

标题：北极一种关键淡水鱼对气候变化的适应性快速变化的气候对依赖相互关联的季节性可用栖息地的北极鱼类提出了独特的挑战。北极灰熊每年在溪流的繁殖地和未冻结的越冬栖息地之间迁徙。它们的移动仅限于少数相互连接的水道。当鱼类需要迁徙到冬季栖息地时，温暖的气候正在创造干燥的河床。较温暖的溪流可能会对适应较凉水的鱼类构成挑战。大量的运动、可塑性或适应性遗传变异可能允许对这些应激源的弹性。这项研究建议研究来自三个具有代表性的北极河流的种群，这些河流在温度、连通性和对气候变化的敏感度方面存在差异。试点数据表明，越来越多的干旱事件威胁到灰熊S返回越冬地点，以及流域内和流域内大量的种群结构。物种可以通过运动、表型可塑性或局部适应性进化来应对气候变化。大多数研究未能解决这些基本策略中的一个或多个，而这些差距目前限制了我们准确预测未来反应的能力。这项研究涉及所有三种战略，以了解一个关键的北极物种的持久性。研究人员将解决五个更广泛的影响领域：1)扩大本科生和研究生学习的机会，包括促进阿拉斯加原住民参与少数族裔的机会；2)建立北极研究实地工作人员与较低48个州的K-12教育工作者之间的现有联系；3)扩大北极少数群体社区的科学了解，包括亚肯色州巴罗的居民，并发起对阿肯色州阿纳克图武克的新的外展；4)通过政府外联、媒体关系和可公开访问的网络资源加强公共教育；以及5)扩大与州和联邦机构的合作，制定北极渔业管理建议。这项研究将1)在四个时间尺度上进行分析运动，从几天到几个世纪不等；2)评估种群间的可塑性和适应性分化；3)评估种群中被选择的基因座；以及4)通过将所选基因座上的数据与单独标记的鱼的运动相结合，确定针对Grayling亚种群的自然选择。这项研究将使用个体标记、耳石微化学和基因组学来测试流域特征如何影响运动模式。个体标记记录了精细的日常运动，耳石微化学允许重建一生的运动模式，基因组数据揭示了在所选择的景观和基因之间的最近和历史运动。最后，这项研究将量化遗传和环境对不同环境中鱼类性能的影响。

TITLE: Adaptability of a key Arctic freshwater fish to climate changeRapidly changing climates uniquely challenge Arctic fish that rely on interconnected, seasonally available habitat. The Arctic grayling migrates annually between breeding sites in streams and unfrozen overwintering habitat. Their movement is restricted to a small number of interconnecting waterways. Warmer climates are creating dry streambeds when fish need to migrate to winter habitat. Warmer streams could challenge fish adapted to cooler water. Substantial movement, plasticity, or adaptive genetic variation might allow for resilience to these stressors. This study proposes to study populations from three representative Arctic streams that differ in temperature, connectivity, and sensitivity to climate change. Pilot data indicate increasing drying events that threaten the grayling?s return to overwintering sites as well as substantial population structure among and within watersheds. Species can respond to climate change through movement, phenotypic plasticity, or local adaptive evolution. Most research fails to address one or more of these fundamental strategies, and these gaps currently limit our ability to predict future responses with accuracy. This study addresses all three strategies to understand the persistence of a key Arctic species. The researchers will address five broader impact areas: 1) expanding opportunities for undergraduate and graduate study, including promoting opportunities for minority involvement of native Alaskans; 2) building upon existing links between Arctic research field crews and K-12 educators in the lower 48 states; 3) broadening scientific understanding in Arctic minority communities, including residents in Barrow, AK and initiating new outreach to Anaktuvuk, AK; 4) enhancing public education via governmental outreach, media relations, and publicly accessible web resources; and 5) expanding cooperation with state and federal agencies in developing management recommendations for Arctic fish.This study will 1) assay movement at four time scales ranging from days to centuries; 2) evaluate plasticity and adaptive differentiation among populations; 3) assess populations for loci under selection; and 4) determine natural selection against grayling subpopulations by integrating data on selected loci with the movement of individually tagged fish. This study will test how watershed characteristics influence movement patterns using individual tagging, otolith micro-chemistry, and genomics. Individual tagging records fine-scale daily movement, otolith micro-chemistry allows the reconstruction of lifetime movement patterns, and genomic data reveals recent and historical movement across the landscape and genes under selection. Lastly, this study will quantify genetic and environmental contributions to performance of fish from divergent environments.