Advancing Arctic Paleoecology: An Integrative Approach to Understanding Species Refugia and Population Dynamics in Response to Late-Quaternary Climate Change

推进北极古生态学：了解物种保护区和种群动态以应对晚第四纪气候变化的综合方法

• 批准号: 1418339
• 负责人: Feng Sheng Hu
• 金额: $ 85.36万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1418339&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Advancing; Arctic; Paleoecology; Integrative; Approach

TITLE: Advancing Arctic Paleoecology: An Integrative Approach to Understanding Species Refugia and Population Dynamics in Response to Late-Quaternary Climate ChangeThis project will use an innovative approach to investigate glacial refugia and population dynamics associated with vegetation responses to late-Quaternary climate change in Alaska and adjacent Canada. The research will test the following hypotheses based on data from two target species (Picea glauca and Alnus viridis): (1) Multiple Last Glacial Maximum refugia existed for each species in isolated areas nested in a complex topography, and the locations of these refugia differed between species; (2) Some of the refugial populations expanded to form modern species ranges whereas others remained largely restricted to their Last Glacial Maximum locations; (3) Within and between species, refugial populations spread at different rates and in different directions during the early postglacial period; and (4) Glacial refugia existed in areas with low climate velocity, and the directions and rates of postglacial colonization were determined by the spatial patterns of climate velocity. Graduate and undergraduate students will receive transdisciplinary training and gain a broad perspective to global change study. This project will provide intellectual focus, financial resources, and mentorship for the career development of three young investigators. Research results will be disseminated broadly to the scientific community, the public, and land managers. The centerpiece of the outreach activities is a workshop to educate high school teachers on Arctic climate and ecological changes. Through these teachers, a large group of midwestern students will be exposed to the excitement of Arctic research. Materials from the workshop will be disseminated online to a broad audience. The approach will integrate genomic analysis, species distribution modeling that involves remote-sensing techniques, climate-velocity mapping, and existing fossil data in a hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework. The proposed research will uncover cryptic glacial refugia in the study region, elucidate the landscape and climate contexts for refugial populations, and offer new insights into population dynamics in late-Quaternary vegetation development. The project promises to provide spatially explicit, population-level details of species range shifts in relation to climate change that cannot be reliably acquired using conventional paleoecological analyses. Equally important, this project may serve as a model demonstrating the utility of a crosscutting approach to investigate the impacts of climate change on plant population processes in the paleorecord. The novel approach that will be developed through this project presents an opportunity to advance Arctic paleoecology and foster next generation research and training in the discipline.

标题：推进北极古生态：一种综合的方法来了解物种避难所和种群动态对第四纪晚期气候变化的响应这个项目将使用一种创新的方法来研究阿拉斯加和邻近加拿大的冰川避难所和种群动态与植被对第四纪晚期气候变化的响应有关。本研究将基于两个目标物种(青云杉和赤杨)的数据检验以下假设：(1)在复杂地形嵌套的孤立区域中，每个物种都存在多个末次冰期最大避难所，这些避难所的位置不同；(2)一些避难种群扩展形成了现代物种范围，而另一些种群主要局限于其最后冰期极值位置；(3)在冰后期早期，物种内和种间的避难种群以不同的速度和不同的方向扩散；(4)气候速度低的地区存在冰川避难所，气候速度的空间格局决定了冰后定居的方向和速度。研究生和本科生将接受跨学科培训，并获得对全球变化研究的广阔视角。该项目将为三名年轻调查人员的职业发展提供智力关注、财政资源和指导。研究成果将广泛传播给科学界、公众和土地管理者。外展活动的中心是一个讲习班，对高中教师进行北极气候和生态变化方面的教育。通过这些老师，一大批中西部学生将接触到北极研究的兴奋。研讨会的材料将在网上向广大受众传播。该方法将把基因组分析、涉及遥感技术的物种分布建模、气候速度图和现有化石数据整合到一个分层贝叶斯建模框架中。这项拟议的研究将揭示研究区隐秘的冰川避难所，阐明避难所种群的景观和气候背景，并为晚第四纪植被发展中的种群动态提供新的见解。该项目承诺提供与气候变化有关的物种范围变化的空间上明确的、种群水平的细节，而这些细节不能用传统的古生态分析可靠地获得。同样重要的是，该项目可以作为一个模型，展示在研究气候变化对古记录中植物种群过程的影响时，横向方法的作用。将通过该项目开发的新方法为推进北极古生态和促进该学科的下一代研究和培训提供了机会。